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关键词： Risk-augmented Mincer equation   Public policy   Tax   Developing countries   Welfare  

摘要： It is well-known in the empirical literature that present-oriented individuals are less likely to go to college as compared to forward looking individuals. There is compelling evidence of a high percentage of dropouts from high schools in poor countries. The endogenous sorting of homogeneous workers into skilled and unskilled types might be the outcome of exposure to income risk and an individual's aversion to risk. We obtain the critical risk aversion associated with income levels above which no individual chooses education. Broad-based economic policies may have perverse impact on educational attainments of individuals. We argue that such an analysis has been largely neglected in related studies. This outcome may also be undesirable from the perspective of a social planner. To address this, we suggest a sector-specific tax-subsidy scheme as a corrective instrument of public policy. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： public policy   operational definitions   geographic   geographical   metric   institution   scale   place   space  

摘要： I present an argument with a number of interlocking aims. The main aims are to show that geographic scale matters in policy making and that place is a geographic institution with policy relevance. Management experience working inside the public sector has taught me that geography, compared with law and economics, lacks policy effective operational definitions to enhance a geographer's communication abilities in policy circles. To counter this difficulty, I make the case that geographers in the social and environmental social sciences need a scalar, reflexive, and apolitical policy-oriented praxis to make geography more policy relevant. Drawing on a foundational geographic insight, I show how policy analysis and policy making are affected when what seems evident at one geographic scale may be absent or not evident at another. In addition, I make the argument that policy can give rise to 'place effects' which give the place actor/agency status and strategic intent. Place can therefore be considered as a geographic institution. Scalar analysis and deliberative place-based reasoning about policies of scale (scalar policies) could be applied systematically and strategically within the public sector and by academic geographers for the public sector. Reflexive analysis about geographic scale and place in policy deliberations could enhance a role for geography as a policy-relevant discipline.

关键词： Legal abortion   Manual vacuum aspiration   Medical abortion   Primary care   Risk reduction   Unsafe abortion  

摘要： Objective: To describe the application of the risk and harm reduction model at primary care level to decrease the mortality due to unsafe abortion in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and evaluate the results. Methods: The services offered at primary health units to women undergoing abortion are described first, only risk reduction and later, legal termination of the pregnancy including their evolution between 2010 and 2015. The changes in abortion-related maternal mortality are also evaluated. The chi(2) test was used to evaluate the differences in the percentage of abortion-related deaths out of the total number of maternal deaths. Results: Primary care services increased progressively, both for risk reduction and for legal termination of pregnancy, which was carried out successfully, including manual vacuum aspiration, by general physicians and midwives. The proportion of abortion-related maternal deaths with respect to total maternal deaths fell by two-thirds between 2010 and 2014 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The Uruguayan risk reduction model was successfully applied in primary care in the Province of Buenos Aires. (C) 2016 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

关键词： red tape   organizational disaster   public policy  

摘要： The so-called Stanford yacht scandal is used as a case to examine the public policy origins of bureaucratic red tape. The 1988 erroneous charge by Stanford University accountants of depreciation of the university Yacht to federal research accounts resulted in disastrous audits and then changes to U.S. research policies that adversely affect research universities. The seeds of red tape and organizational disaster were planted in ill-designed public policies and then exacerbated by Stanford officials' missteps. Overcompliance, misplaced precision, and overcontrol are causes of red tape. A convergent indicators approach is offered to help judge when rules have become red tape.

关键词： community-based research   action research   participatory research   engaged scholarship   usable knowledge   relevant research  

摘要： Community-based research (CBR) is an approach used by researchers in partnership with practitioners and community members to tackle complex social problems for the betterment of society. Its application to the field of public policy and management is fairly new, and as a result, frameworks for its application are underdeveloped. This article discusses the rationale for applying this tool to the public policy and management field, and outlines major challenges that exist in its application. This article also highlights key principles of CBR and applies them to a study funded by a federal agency in the United States.

关键词： 公共政策视角   评估方法   规划目标  

摘要： 当下,我国处于经济转型的新时期,城市规划是关于综合开发及利用土地资源的社会活动,同时也是公共政策属性的体现。本文从公共政策视角出发,围绕着三个方面探究城市规划的评估模式与方法,为传统城市规划存在的过于重视技术等问题和所处的整合困境提出一些自己的思考和解决策略。

关键词： 知识产权   人权理论   民法理论   管理学理论   公共政策  

摘要： 在知识经济占据全球化经济竞争主导地位的大环境下,知识产权政策制度具有的实施效果完全可以决定一国未来的发展实力是否雄厚,其实施效果带来的政策辐射性更是不可比拟。

关键词： 城市规划   公共政策导向   依法行政   应用分析  

摘要： 随着我国社会经济发展水平的不断提高,我国经济体制、政府部门等都发生着巨大的变化,同时,我国的城市规划也发生了一定程度的变化。近年来,城市规划建设的发展受到了社会的广泛关注和高度重视,并且城市规划对城市的发展具有着重要的推动作用。基于此,本能文通过对当前城市规划在公共政策导向和依法行政方面存在的问题进行分析探究,并相应的提出利用公共政策导向和依法行政加强城市规划管理的措施,有效的促进我国城市规划建设的可持续健康发展。

关键词： 城乡规划   行政监督   公共政策   督察制度  

摘要： 随着经济的快速发展,中国已经进入了城市化快速发展的时期。城市化将推动国家的经济结构、社会结构和空间结构发生深刻的变化,导致我国城乡规划发生了根本性的变化,城乡规划管理面临着新的矛盾和问题。城乡规划作为一种面向未来、调控市场、服务社会的政府职能,必须面对和不断适应各种变革和挑战。城乡规划监督的制度和方法应根据新的形势作出调整和改进,进行完善和创新,才能适应现代城乡发展的要求。