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关键词： 网络舆论   公共政策   制定   影响  

摘要： 随着互联网和移动终端的普及,网民数量猛然增加,网络舆论以其自身的主体匿名性,多元性,及时性和放大效应突破了传统媒体由于时空阻隔造成的种种障碍。网络舆论是一把双刃剑,对公共政策的制定有着积极和消极影响,积极性主要表现在促使社会问题变为公共问题,提高公民参与度,消极主要表现在政策制定缺乏代表性和假民意存在,把握住网络舆论的积极效果,趋利避害是提高公共政策质量的关键。

关键词： 供给侧改革   老龄服务   包容性发展   公共政策   养老机构  

摘要： 在供给侧改革背景下重新审视现行老龄服务业促进政策与管理措施,有助于更加有效地满足不断增长的老龄人口的服务需求。首先,不能将所有养老服务都视为公共服务,也不能把老龄服务业全部都当成社会福利事业;其次,进一步改革养老机构设立的行政许可做法、放松简化前置审批、加强事中、事后监管,同时对享受特殊政策的公办养老机构,应该禁止其进入经营性领域,以避免其与民办养老机构形成不公平竞争,扰乱正常的市场竞争秩序;最后,优化政府提供兜底保障性公共老龄服务的途径与方式,改革对养老机构实行的公建民营、公助民营和财政补贴等做法,采取政府购买服务方式或者直接补贴经济困难老人,让其自主购买老龄服务,这样有助于扩大市场发展空间、培育优秀的行业主体。

关键词： 社会公平正义   公共政策   民意调查   《贞观政要》   核心价值   切身利益   普通民众   总书记  

摘要： 党的十八大以来，习近平总书记针对促进社会公平正义作了一系列重要论述，曾引用唐代史学家吴兢在政论史书《贞观政要》中的“理国要道，在于公平正直”来谈论公平正义的必要性，并把促进社会公平正义作为核心价值追求。当前维护和促进社会公平正义的着力点涉及发展、改革、制度、司法等多个方面，其中在公共政策领域的公平正义更为关涉普通民众的切身利益。而民意调查在促进政策公平方面能发挥积极作用，进而有助于提升整个社会的公平正义水平。

关键词： 公共政策   学费调整   社会稳定   风险评估   公办高校  

摘要： 本文构建了广东省公办高校学费调整重大政策社会稳定风险评估框架,对政策实施不同阶段的重大风险源进行评估。针对评估后政策制定实施全过程存在的四类重大风险:政策方案风险、政策听证风险、社会舆论风险、政策的资金风险,提出风险减缓防控的对策建议,以增加风险可控性,为重大公共政策的出台和贯彻落实奠定基础。

关键词： 风险社会   公共政策   发展途径  

摘要： 随着我国进入风险社会,风险对社会生活的影响毋庸置疑,它无处不在、无时不有地影响着每一个社会成员。面对复杂的、不确定的风险社会,政府能否有效地化解危机,应对来自社会各方面的风险,与其能否有效地运用和发展公共政策密切相关。我们必须在探讨分析风险社会中公共政策所面临的困境,如不利的政治文化环境、政策主题的阻梗及政策执行中的一系列弊端及原因分析,并据此提出相关发展途径以期更好地使公共政策在高风险社会背景下发挥其化解风险和治理危机的作用。

关键词： Fiscal policy   Political turnover   Political polarization   Public rent-seeking  

摘要： We study the role of political frictions in public policy outcomes. We propose a simple model of fiscal policy that combines a lack of commitment by the government, political turnover, and another political friction that can be interpreted either as political polarization or as public rent-seeking. We show that political turnover increases public debt levels, while political polarization or public rent-seeking leads to higher public spending. We evaluate the importance of different political frictions for fiscal policy outcomes using a sample of twenty developed countries. We find that the data on political instability combined with the data on public rent-seeking explain 25% of the variation in public debt levels. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Association for Comparative Economic Studies.

关键词： Brazil   Environmental management   Eutrophication   Microalgae   Toxins  

摘要： The expression Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) includes toxin-producing species and those that produce biomass in sufficient quantities to significantly reduce the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water column and cause mortality events for other marine organisms. Originally a natural phenomenon, these blooms are becoming more frequent and persistent due to the impact of the anthropogenic action caused by the transport of exotic organisms through ballast water and mainly by the eutrophication of coastal waters as a consequence of the discharge of untreated domestic and industrial effluents. In order to highlight the delays of the Brazilian environmental public policy regarding the issue of HABs on its coastal zone, and what can be improved, a review of the main causes and impacts of the phenomenon is performed, as well as shown how other countries in the world have advanced on the subject. To develop an appropriate and effective policy that can provide the necessary environmental safety, multiple stakeholders are necessary in order to achieve proper procedures and limits for each region. To do so, it is important to carry a dialogue among different government levels, responsible for the reduction of pollution over the river and coastal systems. In addition, the implementation of a greater debate among the scientific community, in order to better establish legal limits that each toxin or potentially harmful species should have in different means of exposure, and the stimulation of a greater involvement of the coastal community in monitoring and alerting cases of HABs must be considered. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： conjoint   decision making   entrepreneurship   location   new venture   politics   public policy   values  

摘要： Public policy studies often seek to determine the effects of policy changes by treating the effects of individual differences as random error. Viewing managers as embedded agents whose social structures are subject to manipulation by policy makers, we illustrate how individual differences can be infused into policy research to glean insight into how and why policy changes affect decisions, such as where to locate new ventures. We consider how the effects of sociopolitical situational attributes (e.g., level of regulation, support services for business, cost of living, and natural and cultural amenities) are influenced by individual differences such as the manager's position (entrepreneur or corporate executive), political party identification, and political values. Our illustrative investigation suggests that individual differences can systematically influence the efficacy of public policy and therefore deserve greater scholarly attention. We conclude by articulating the benefits of an embedded agency approach to researching entrepreneurship public policy.

关键词： Contact   Media Effects   Prejudice   Intergroup   Public Policy  

摘要： Two studies examined the effects of reliance on direct and media-based contact for information about Muslims on Americans' stereotypic beliefs of and negative emotions toward Muslims and support for public policies harming Muslims domestically and internationally. Results revealed that reliance on media for information about Muslims was positively associated with stereotypic beliefs, negative emotions, and support for harmful policies. Reliance on direct contact for information about Muslims produced the opposite results. Results from a three-wave longitudinal design revealed that reliance on media and direct contact significantly predict changes in negative emotions which then predict changes in support for civil restrictions for Muslim Americans. We discuss the differential effects of reliance on media-based and direct contact in influencing intergroup outcomes.

关键词： Government policy -- United States   Rural transportation  

摘要： The author discusses his concern about unenforceable against public policy which was the problem faced by rural contract carrier Tabetha Jennings.