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关键词： 公共政策评估   基本问题   研究综述  

摘要： 随着我国政治体制改革的不断深入及公共政策理论的不断完善,公共政策的研究亦需要及时跟上政治体制改革的步伐。其中,公共政策评估基本问题的研究日益重要。本文对我国近年来公共政策评估的八个方面基本问题的研究进行综述,基本体现了公共政策评估大体的脉络。

关键词： 公共政策   权威   政策主体  

摘要： 公共政策权威性的高低在很大程度上决定着政策的效果。在我国经济社会发展和社会转型过程中,大量的公共政策被制定出来并加以执行,它们对社会发展发挥重要的作用,但另一方面也有不少政策的效果并不理想,究其原因政策的权威性不足是导致这一偏差的根本原因。本文对影响公共政策权威性的因素和权威性不足问题进行分析,并从影响公共政策的主体、客体、环境和工具、手段等方面提出提高政策权威性的对策。

关键词： 经济社会生活   政府治理能力   中国   智慧   生产生活   宏观层面   技术支持   公共政策  

摘要： 大数据对于经济社会生活的重要性日益突显，已不同程度渗透到社会生产生活的各个角落，其运用越来越受到社会广泛关注。宏观层面，大数据为强化政府治理能力提供了有力支撑，为政府制定公共政策提供了数据依据和技术支持。对于经济决策部门来说，大数据更是其敏锐把握经济走势，制定并实施科学经济政策的有力工具。

关键词： 智慧   民生   数字生活   治理能力   公共政策   技术支持   试点城市   城市建设  

摘要： 市民卡不仅为市民提供了智慧数字生活，也为大数据时代政府提升治理能力提供了有力支撑，为政府制定公共政策提供数据依据、技术支持 作为智慧城市建设试点城市之一，杭州通过一张市民卡汇聚城市交通、医疗保险、电子钱包、公园门票等的“多卡合一”功能，杭州市民率先享受到“小小片”上的智慧民生。

关键词： 公共政策冲突   行政事实行为   法律救济  

摘要： 公共政策冲突给行政相对人、相关者带来的事实影响不容忽视。从一个具体的涉及政策冲突的征地拆迁案例入手,分析政策冲突发生的过程,探讨政策冲突给政策相对人带来的事实影响和利益危害,提出公共政策冲突法律救济的相关概念与问题,对目前公共政策冲突法律救济缺失的现状及原因进行初探。

关键词： Food addiction   Obesity   Policy   Public opinion  

摘要： Introduction. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that certain foods may be addictive. Although evidence that nicotine is addictive generated support for anti-tobacco policies, little research has examined whether beliefs about the addictiveness of food are associated with support for policies to address overconsumption of nutritionally poor foods. Methods. U.S. adults (n = 999) recruited from an online marketplace in February 2015 completed a survey. Using logistic regression, we examined the relationship between beliefs about the addictiveness of certain foods and support for twelve obesity-related policies while controlling for demographics, health status, political affiliation and ideology, beliefs about obesity, and attitudes towards food companies. We examined whether the association between beliefs about addictiveness and support for policies was consistent across other products and behaviors viewed as addictive (i.e., tobacco, alcohol, drugs, compulsive behaviors). Results. In multivariable models, there was a significant association (OR;95% CI) between beliefs about addictiveness and support for policies for compulsive behaviors (1.48;1.26-1.74), certain foods (1.32;1.14-1.53), drugs (1.23;1.05-1.45), and alcohol (1.21;1.08-1.36) but not for tobacco (1.11;0.90-1.37). For foods, the association between beliefs about addictiveness and obesity-related policy support was the strongest between such beliefs and support for labels warning that certain foods may be addictive, industry reductions in salt and sugar, energy drink bans, and sugary drink portion size limits. Conclusions. Overall, believing that products/behaviors are addictive was associated with support for policies intended to curb their use. If certain foods are found to be addictive, framing them as such may increase obesity-related policy support. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Affordable housing   informal housing   institutional constraints   India   market enabling strategies   clientelism  

摘要： In India, attempts to stimulate a formal market for affordable housing, by privatizing, deregulating and promoting the private sector funding for housing and infrastructure, as an alternative to the provision by the government, have not been very successful. This study offers as an explanation that the intended market did not arise because the new policy did not take into account the existing institutional structure that regulates the (informal) provision of affordable housing. The existing structure relies heavily on clientelism which, in effect, is serving as an alternative to the market. Therefore, just changing the formal institutions of housing and land policy will not necessarily bring about the desired change in the provision of housing. This is illustrated by the case of informal housing in Raipur.

关键词： advocacy   health promotion   chronic disease   nutrition  

摘要： To achieve food security in Canada, comprehensive approaches are required, which involve action at the public policy level. This qualitative study explored the experiences of 14 stakeholders engaging in a 9-month participatory public policy advocacy project to promote community food security in the province of Alberta through the initiation of a campaign to develop a Universal School Food Strategy. Through this exploration, four main themes were identified;a positive and open space to contribute ideas, diversity and common ground, confidence and capacity, and uncertainty. Findings from this study suggest that the participatory advocacy project provided a positive and open space for stakeholders to contribute ideas, through which the group was able to narrow its focus and establish a goal for advocacy. The project also seems to have contributed to the group's confidence and capacity to engage in advocacy by creating a space for learning and knowledge sharing, though stakeholders expressed uncertainty regarding some aspects of the project. Findings from this study support the use of participatory approaches as a strategy for facilitating engagement in public policy advocacy and provide insight into one group's advocacy experience, which may help to inform community-based researchers and advocates in the development of advocacy initiatives to promote community food security elsewhere.

关键词： rankings   U   S   News   isomorphism   equilibrium   diffusion of innovation  

摘要： In 1995, U.S. News and World Report (U.S. News) released its first ranking of public affairs master's degree programs. The rankings have been conducted every 3 years since and have grown in importance to public policy and public administration programs. This study considers the history and background of ranking public policy and administration graduate programs, the rationale used by U.S. News, and the methodology used by U.S. News. This is followed by a longitudinal analysis of these rankings from 1995 to 2016. Findings are presented in a conceptual framework of academic rankings using concepts of equilibrium, specialization, diffusion of innovations, and institutional isomorphism. The implications of this framework and the findings of our analysis are spelled out for public affairs deans, directors, and faculty seeking to improve their ranking as well as those seeking to hold on to their present rankings.

摘要： What Works for Workers? Public Policies and Innovative Strategies for Low-Wage Workers, edited by Luce, Stephanie; Luff, Jennifer; McCartin, Joseph A.; Milkman, Ruth . New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2014. 349 pp. $47.50 paper. ISBN: 9780871545718.