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关键词： 社会人类学   文集   政策科学  

ISBN: (纸本)7552016116

摘要： 新政治人类学与公共政策的学术链接即是“政策人类学”（AnthropologyforPublicAdministrationonPolicy-making（APAP）），在学科范式上是新政治人类学在公共政策等方面的科学应用与政策实践，是政治—行政互为一体不可分割的法治主义公共管理而非管治主义公共管理等思维观念之阐发；在研究范畴上与文化人类学（socio-culturalanthropology）特别与“英美”应用（公共）人类学（appliedpublicanthropology）之间既有内在联系也有本质区别，是政治科学（公共管理学）、政策科学、文化人类学等多个学科交叉融合而非文化人类学或“英美”应用（公共）人类学长期以来“独享”旧政治人类学等学术话语权的新型研究领域；在学术内涵上按照一般系统论原理探索“五性要素”（fivecharactersofAPAP）“内在问题导向性”（innerproblem-orientedresearch）、“参与观察性”（participation-observationforothers）、“互为他者性”（othernessforbothinterviewerandinterviewee）、“利益公共性”（publicityofinterests）、“政策科学性”（scientificalnessofpolicy-making）等内在整体性逻辑。放眼世界、纵览古今，与政策人类学“五性要素”有着密切内在联系的经典文献名篇佳作可谓是琳琅满目、浩如烟海，他们都不同程度各有侧重地蕴含着“五性”若干要素，自觉不自觉地演绎着政策人类学“五性统一”的整体性逻辑，闪烁着“文化自觉”“写文化”等文化人类学的思想火花，因此毫无疑问是当下政策人类学创新研究领域中深厚久远丰富多彩、取之不尽用之不竭的学术渊源与智识结晶。

关键词： GMOs   Rhetoric   Idioms   Policy   Human health   Risk   Narratives  

摘要： Using narrative policy analysis we examined the adversarial rhetoric of claims-makers in their bid to undermine alternative and conflicting accounts of GMOs as environmental and human health risk and to forestall any challenges to the scientific authority of the technological deterministic account of the GMO policy debates in Ghana. The study shows that the GMO discourse was built with the rhetorical frames of smallholder farmer vulnerability and entitlement used in the account it contradicts, thereby legitimating its own appeal for responsive remedies. Civil society claims attacked GMOs as discriminatory and as an environmental and human health risk. Government and scientists engaged in unsympathetic counter rhetorical strategies in hopes of debunking or neutralizing the claim made by civil society. In other words, Government and scientists were denying the claim that GMO was discriminatory and posed significant human health risk, as well as the call to action to do something about GMOs. Civil society adapted the counter rhetoric of insincerity, claiming that scientists had some kind of "hidden agenda" behind their claim, such as eagerness to just earn money from their patents on GMOs. It is imperative that communication on GMOs includes the underlying assumptions, the uncertainties and the probabilities associated with both best and worst case scenarios. This is a necessary condition to minimise misinformation on GMOs but may be insufficient to completely erase conspiracy theories from the minds of the public especially when scientists and government are perceived to be biased towards multinational corporations that are ostensibly preoccupied with making profits. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Knowledge transfer   Academia-industry   Life sciences   Determinants   Implications  

摘要： There is a considerable interest of scholars in benefits and challenges arising from involvement of academic researchers and their institutions in knowledge transfer activities with the business sector. The emerging questions have resulted in a number of studies, yielding rich but mixed findings. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review this body of investigative work, with a particular emphasis on life sciences. Based on the systematic analysis and synthesis of 135 articles published between 1980 and 2014, we discuss the most interesting findings for each of the six identified principal academic-industry research topics: involvement predictors and motivators, role of incentives, institutional performance determinants, knowledge transfer institutionalization, relationship with scientific output and impact on open science. Whereas many studies reach consensus regarding the particular personal and contextual predictors of researchers' knowledge transfer involvement, we also find substantial evidence that depending on empirical setting, variables such as scientific productivity and institutional technology transfer support policies can act both as enablers and inhibitors in the process. We find no straightforward evidence regarding the role of the size, age and structure of technology transfer offices in the knowledge transfer performance of academic institutions. We also show that most studies agree that engagement in knowledge transfer activities does not negatively affect the researchers' scientific output. Yet, it is less clear to what extent university-industry interactions can be detrimental for the norms of open science. We draw several policy implications for academic settings and emphasize interesting avenues for further research in this field.

摘要： In this article, the author discusses the need of a good public policy to address issues of poverty, racism and environmental abuse in Canada.

关键词： 网络舆情   公共政策   影响  

摘要： 本文主要通过对网络舆情及公共政策概念及其之间的关系的阐述,从信息源、监督与实施、局限性三方面对网络舆情对公共政策的影响进行了分析,以期为网络舆情能够在公共政策中发挥应有的作用提供理论参考。

关键词： EPIDEMIOLOGY   ENVIRONMENTAL health   ENVIRONMENTAL policy   CANCER risk factors   IN vitro studies