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关键词： 社会稳定风险评估   风险沟通   风险治理   重大公共政策  

摘要： 针对重大公共政策社会稳定风险评估(以下简称"稳评")中利益相关方之间风险沟通不足的问题,引入IRGC的风险治理理念,建立重大公共政策稳评中风险沟通机制的分析框架,将风险沟通作为稳评工作的核心环节并贯穿于政策制定与实施的全过程。为了验证该分析框架的适用性,选取北京市水价调整政策为典型案例,对稳评过程中风险沟通机制的现实运作进行深入剖析和经验总结,并从注重评估工作与风险沟通的全程性、加强多元主体间的协商对话、充分发挥媒体作用等方面,就如何进一步推进和完善重大公共政策稳评机制展开探讨。

关键词： 民生问题   民生型公共政策   政策悖论  

摘要： 民生型公共政策是化解民生问题、提升民生水平的基本政策,是公共政策的主要形态。然而,现实中的民生型公共政策在变革过程中往往面临着保持不变与推动变革、尽量少变与频繁多变、部分变革与全面变革、突然变革与逐渐变革、宣传变革与隐藏变革等诸多悖论性问题,为了提升民生型公共政策的合法性、有效性,以及为了避免民生型公共政策变革诱发新的风险,当前,要在民生本位的基础上,慎重推进政策变革,确保政策协同,防范政策投机,并注重政策变革的平缓性、参与性和系统性。

关键词： 地方图书馆   社区需求   澳大利亚   新技术   社区支持   公共空间   公共政策   科技大学  

摘要： 学界一些新的研究表明，地方图书馆正面临着不断变化的社区需求。由Civica公司和悉尼科技大学公共政策与治理研究所进行的题为“图书馆作为公共空间的价值”的深入调查发现：未来的图书馆将成为社区支持中心。在许多情况下，图书馆需要7×24小时开放。

关键词： 信访   公共政策   功能分析  

摘要： 作为我国特有的一种政治性的表达形式,信访是人民群众直接向各级政府或县级以上的政府部门反映情况,表达内心真实诉求的一种有效途径。随着社会的不断发展,信访工作的重心已经逐渐转移到对公共政策产生影响上,而信访本身的政策功能也遭到了多种因素的影响,需要加以完善与提升。

关键词： cognitive development   early intervention   early trauma   infants   learning   memory   operant conditioning   policy implications  

摘要： In this article, we reflect upon Carolyn Rovee-Collier's pioneering research on learning and memory in infants, especially that using the mobile conjugate reinforcement task, for our understanding of (a) cognitive development in infants born prematurely and those with Down's syndrome and (b) her prediction that infants' performance in the mobile conjugate reinforcement and similar operant tasks would predict later intellectual functioning. We then examine the implications of her research on time windows (the integration of new information into a memory) and memory reactivation (the retrieval of a forgotten memory as a result of the re-exposure to a component of the original learning experience) for early intervention programs and clinicians treating victims of early trauma. We conclude with a discussion of the value of Rovee-Collier's work for the growing field of infant/toddler science and how this science has informed public policy and program development.

关键词： Innovation   R&D   Economic policy   Entrepreneurship   Economic growth  

摘要： Policy makers' main interest is to avoid the problems resulting from the economic crisis. One way to avoid these problems is to stimulate economic growth as well as the necessary economic activity to reduce unemployment and to increase welfare. Specialized recent literature shows entrepreneurship as a key factor to enhance economic growth. Consequently, determining which economic policies could stimulate entrepreneurial activity and, indirectly, economic growth is relevant. This article's main goal is to analyze some of these policies' effects on entrepreneurship and economic growth. To achieve this goal, the study performs an empirical analysis of 13 European Union countries, divided in two complementary methods: Partial Least Squares (PLS) estimation and fsQCA. fsQCA allows completing the results obtained by PLS estimation, by allowing to obtain causal recipes or sufficient conditions that help to determine the relevant relation between economic variables. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robots   Definition   Legal status   Accidents   Liability  

摘要： Faced with a declining birthrate and aging population, the Japanese government has been adopting policies to promote the R&D of next-generation robots (hereinafter "NGRs") which are seen as key to solving issues of labor shortage and enhance global competitiveness of the Japanese economy. However, the legal environment surrounding NGRs is not developer-friendly, and may hamper their proliferation and use. In order to address this issue, the first section of this paper explains the legal status of NGRs in Japan, followed by a section focusing on the legal regulations in Japan which involve the developers, manufacturers, distributors, and operators of NGRs. The final section outlines the current situation of various policies adopted by the Japanese government to enhance and accelerate the development of NGRs. The aim of this paper was to show how NGRs are regarded under the laws of Japan and what legal barriers the NGR-related parties confront, and provide insight into how the Japanese government is trying to promote the development of NGRs.

关键词： community   localism   public policy   social relationships   micro-sociality   civic participation   co-operative council   urban ministry  

摘要： This paper argues that we should think of community as being about social relationships rather than a 'thing' that is 'lost', 'found' or 'made'. The paper draws on the philosophy of Roberto Esposito and the sociology of David Studdert to highlight the overlaps in their approaches to community. Both argue that community is ontological, as unavoidably 'with us'. The paper then draws upon two empirical examples to argue that this approach could enable a different kind of public policy in relation to community. Policy would focus on existing relationships as the starting point for any efforts to effect social change. The implications for contemporary debates about localism are explored at the end of the paper.

关键词： Demand for transportation   public policies   energy demand   time series  

摘要： The main objective of this article is to evaluate determinants of demand for light fuels in Brazil between 2003 and 2013. Through a vector autoregression analysis, an effort was made to identify and quantify the impact of different economic variables and public policy measures adopted during this period on the surprising increase in energy consumption by Brazil's light-vehicle fleet. The results suggest that demand for energy by the light-vehicle fleet was influenced by an increase in income, by a decrease in fuel prices associated with a policy designed to prevent increases in the price of gasoline from pushing the inflation rate up, by a higher availability of credit for buying vehicles, and by a drop in the real price of those goods, with emphasis on countercyclical measures to waive the tax on industrialized products levied on new vehicles during economic downturns in the automotive industry.