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关键词： Agriculture   Biodiversity   Sustainability   Public policy   Bio-economic model   Risk aversion  

摘要： Agriculture has been identified as a major driver of the current significant changes in farmland biodiversity. Taking into account these environmental impacts, agriculture today aims at a more sustainable way of producing that would reconcile its economic and ecological functions. A new approach based on bio-economic modeling has been recently developed to explore different facets of such reconciliation and to understand how to promote sustainable agricultural public policies. In this paper, we review the contributions of such approach. The review shows that it is possible to reconcile agriculture and biodiversity with public policies, since it is possible to increase simultaneously the economic and ecological performances of agricultural landscapes compared to the current trends. However, it is not possible to optimize this reconciliation: The different criteria cannot be maximized simultaneously, and some trade-offs emerge between economic and ecological criteria in optimality. To go further, some bio-economic studies open new perspectives. For example, they suggest studying the society as a whole instead of focusing on the agricultural sector or going beyond the concept of optimality by stressing the idea of viability. In addition to reforming the current agricultural policies, deeper debates on the notion of sustainability have to be held.

关键词： PUBLIC health -- Congresses   HEALTH services accessibility   COMMUNITY health services   DENTAL care   DENTAL clinics   DENTISTS   DENTAL insurance   PUBLIC health   SAMPLING (Statistics)   VOLUNTEERS   GOVERNMENT policy   CONGRESSES  

摘要： The article discusses the 2014 Mid-Maryland Mission of Mercy and Health Equity Festival (Mid-MOM) which was held at the University of Maryland's basketball arena in College Park, Maryland, and it mentions a dental clinic, public health ethics, and an effort to increase access to health and dental services. Public policy and community capacity building are examined, along with health promotion services and chronic disease risk factors. Preventive and restorative dentistry are assessed.

关键词： 公共政策   公共政策评估   绩效水平  

摘要： 政府在进行国家管理活动中,不仅需要进行科学的规划和有效的执行,还需要通过公共政策信息的反馈,对公共政策效果进行评估。科学的评估不仅有助于政策体制的完善、政策质量的提高,还能够提高政府及政策的绩效水平。基于国内外学者对公共政策评估的理论与实践研究,从公共政策评估概念、评估主体、评估标准以及评估方法四个角度进行文献综述。

关键词： 国家审计   公共政策过程   有效性  

摘要： 公共政策过程是一个周而复始、新老交替的过程,对任何一个阶段的审计都离不开对其他环节的监督。国家审计机关在公共政策过程中,从资料分析与外部调查相结合、为政策制定提供信息和咨询,监督公共政策执行、保障公共政策顺利贯彻落实,增加公共政策开放性、增进社会民主三个方面服务于公共政策过程。通过强化审计监督全覆盖,建立政策过程审计的信息共享平台,建立“联网审计”系统,将进一步发挥国家审计在公共政策过程领域的作用。

关键词： 公共管理   公共利益   流失  

摘要： 作为管理公共行为的最有效手段之一,公共政策扮演着一个不可或缺的角色,它可以对社会的价值资源进行一个合理的分配,并为公众提供优质的服务。公共政策的本质其实就是公共性的属性,公共性也是公共政策的自然状态。当国家处于危急状态下时,公共政策可以提供一个解决的思维模式供决策者思考。但是在实际生活中,公共性的流失问题不容忽视。本篇论文以公共管理为视角,以公共政策的公共性原则为基础,分析公共政策的公共性流失问题并提出相关建议。

关键词： 延长退休年龄   可行性   公共政策  

摘要： 随着经济社会的发展和科学技术的进步,医疗技术水平在不断地提高,人均预期寿命在延长,人类社会已经开始步入老龄化阶段。世界上已经有不少国家相继出台了应对人口老龄化危机的政策,效果显著。本文从理论和实践的角度分析了我国延长退休年龄的可行性。为我国延长退休年龄提供可借鉴的经验。

关键词： MEDICATION abuse   PREVENTION   PRESCRIPTION of drugs   CHRONIC disease treatment   DRUG overdose  

摘要： Substance use disorders involving illicit and prescription drugs are a serious public health issue. In the United States, millions of individuals need treatment for substance use disorders but few receive it. The rising number of drug overdose deaths and the changing legal status of marijuana pose new challenges. In this position paper, the American College of Physicians maintains that substance use disorder is a treatable chronic medical condition and offers recommendations on expanding treatment options, the legal status of marijuana, addressing the opioid epidemic, insurance coverage of substance use disorders treatment, education and workforce, and public health interventions.

关键词： 雾霾   公共政策   治理  

摘要： 针对西安市雾霾天气频发状况,如何制定有效的公共政策推动西安市雾霾治理,是当前面临的重要问题。本文详细介绍了针对西安市雾霾治理的公共政策的现状,并运用公共政策分析中的政策工具,在对现有政策比对分析后,提出相应的对策建议,以期为西安市雾霾治理提供一定参考。