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关键词： IMMIGRATION policy   SPACE in economics   EXTERNALITIES (Economics)   WELFARE economics   EQUIVALENCE scales (Economics)  

摘要： We demonstrate what welfare measure should be used for local public policies inducing migration. We show that the two conventional definitions of welfare measures having equivalency with compensation testing in a single-location economy without externalities have inconsistencies with compensation testing in a spatial economy: one definition has no equivalency with compensation testing even without externalities, and the other definition has difficulties arising from a problem in which the measure before a project has a non-zero value. Finally, we demonstrate that a specific welfare measure defined by Wheaton (1977) has appropriate properties with compensation testing in both cases with and without externalities. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Applications of earth science   Earthquake physics   Future climate   Public policy   Scientific best practice  

摘要： Many research topics in geophysics have important implications for public policy;two examples considered here are climatology and attempts to predict future seismic ground motion. A common feature of these and other fields of geophysics is that much work on developing mathematical models is being conducted, but efforts on testing and validating these models and on evaluating their uncertainties has tended to lag. Modelers should do a better job of making clear what is known (including realistic estimates of the uncertainties) and what is not known. Public policy regarding climate change and earthquake hazard mitigation must be decided now, notwithstanding the limitations of the state of the art of modeling. Such policy decisions necessarily require compromise and the search for consensus. It is essential to distinctly separate scientific research and decisions on public policy, so that the former is conducted strictly following best practices of science without compromises or attempts to force consensus to be reached.

关键词： OMA Design Team   Hudson River Project: Resist   Delay   Store   Discharge   ‘Rebuild by Design’ competition   Hoboken   New Jersey   Hurricane Sandy   US Department of Housing and Urban Development   ‘Rebuild by Design’ competition   OMA   HR&A Advisors   Balmori Associates   Royal HaskoningDHV   Flood Damage Prevention Code   Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA)   Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)   National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)   Association of State Flood Plain Managers (ASFPM)   advisory base flood elevation (ABFE) maps   base flood elevation (BFE) maps   Flood Damage Prevention Code   design flood elevation (DFE)   Resilient Building Design Guidelines   President Donald Trump   United Nations Paris Climate Agreement  

摘要： Municipalities and regional governments urgently need appropriate strategies to withstand climate catastrophes. As Zoning Officer and Floodplain Administrator for the City of Hoboken, Ann Holtzman has a wealth of experience in this field. She emphasises the importance of not just laying down rules, but also encouraging innovation. This is exemplified by the US Department of Energy’s 2013 ‘Rebuild by Design’ competition, whose winning entry - a multi-practice collaboration - is informing improvements to the area’s storm resiliency in the wake of Hurricane Sandy.

关键词： equipoise   public policy   research ethics  

摘要： In this article, I ask whether a principle analogous to the principle of clinical equipoise should govern the design and conduct of RCTs evaluating the effectiveness of policy interventions. I answer this question affirmatively, and introduce and defend the principle of policy equipoise. According to this principle, all arms of a policy RCT must be, at minimum, in a state of equipoise with the best proven policy that is also morally and practically attainable and sustainable. For all arms of a policy RCT, policy experts must either (1) reasonably disagree about whether the trial arms are more effective than this policy, or (2) know that they are.

摘要： There are persistent and pervasive disparities in the health of Black people compared to non-Hispanic Whites in the United States. There are many reasons for this gap;this article explores the role of Blacks' diminished gain as a mechanism behind racial health disparities. Diminished gain is a phenomenon wherein the health effects of certain socioeconomic resources and psychological assets are systematically smaller for Blacks compared to Whites. These patterns are robust, with similar findings across different resources, assets, outcomes, settings, cohorts, and age groups. However, the role of diminished gain as a main contributing mechanism to racial health disparities has been historically overlooked. This article reviews the research literature on diminished gain and discusses possible causes for it, such as the societal barriers created by structural racism. Policy solutions that may reduce Blacks' diminished gain are discussed.

关键词： 大学生村官   公共政策   政策分析  

摘要： 为推动高校毕业生面向基层就业,破解新农村建设人才"瓶颈"难题,2006年以来,浙江省出台了选聘普通高校毕业生到农村和社区工作(简称大学生村官)政策。但是,在执行大学生村官政策时,出现了高流失率、大学生村官的身份困惑及其后续流出管理等问题。本文选取浙江省常山县为个案,分析了大学生村官计划的政策背景和意义,阐述了大学生村官政策在常山县的执行情况,分析在执行过程中存在的问题,提出解决问题的建议与意见。

关键词： 大学英语教育   公共政策   教育政策  

摘要： 我国自1977年恢复大学公共英语教育以来,历经四十年的高速发展,已初步建立了较完善的大学公共英语教育体系。在教育现代化、经济全球化的大背景之下,现代大学公共英语教育政策并不能完全适应我国大学生自身发展以及经济社会发展的需求。如何顺应时代发展,解决亟待解决的问题,确保大学公共英语教育的健康良性发展,从而为社会培养复合型的高层次英语人才,已成为不可忽略的教育发展问题。必须顺应新时期的发展要求,与时俱进,大胆进行大学生公共英语教育政策改革,建立新的管理体制、运行机制和教育理念,使得当代大学生的英语水准实现自我发展,满足社会发展的需求,真正做到与国际水准接轨。本论文秉承全面剖析历年大学公共英语教育政策的宗旨,主要针对大学公共英语教学的几个重要组成部分,即教材、教学方式、师资队伍、课程设置、测评体系等大学公共英语教育的现状和客观存在的问题,进行了全面描述和详细剖析,并针对提出的问题,对症下药,为制定相应政策提出了建设性意见。

关键词： 商鞅变法   秦国   公共政策分析  

摘要： 商鞅是一个备受争议的人物.提到商鞅,大家应该都会立刻想起两千多年前那次轰轰烈烈的、声势浩大的变法,史称商鞅变法.众所周知,正是因为那次的变法,对秦国乃至整个中国的意义重大.秦国一跃成了诸侯国之首,其他国家再无能力与其抗衡,为后来的统一大业奠定了坚实的基础.而商鞅变法之所以取得了成功,原因固然涉及很多方面,如其变法顺应了历史发展的潮流,削弱了一些权贵的利益,得到了统治者的支持等等.本文作者通过细读《史记.商君列传》发现,商鞅变法中成功政策的制定、执行、颁布以及最后取得的成效这一过程中,涉及到了当今有关公共政策方面的一些知识,用到了一些现代理论和模型.作者就此浅显的运用公共政策中的知识去分析这一次的变法中政策颁布过程和它产生的影响.

关键词： 旅游产业   演进   公共政策   保障  

摘要： 随着旅游产业飞速发展,为旅游产业保驾护航的旅游公共政策的地位也日益凸显。将旅游产业演进引入旅游公共政策当中加以完善,对旅游产业的发展有着积极的影响,有利于国民经济的良性发展。本文立足旅游产业的演进与旅游公共政策的关系,探讨如何完善我国旅游公共政策。