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关键词： Rent-seeking   Political agency   Building permits   Fiscal policy  

摘要： Political economists have long maintained that politicians respond to both (re-)election and financial incentives. This article contributes to the latter literature by analysing whether, when and how local office-holders respond to the economic incentives embedded in exogenously imposed population thresholds leading to an increased number and remuneration of local politicians. Building on insights from the urban economics and public finance literatures, we argue that local politicians may strategically adjust fiscal and housing policies to stimulate in-migration when approaching a population threshold where their remuneration increases. Using data from all 589 Belgian municipalities over the period 1977-2016, our results confirm that approaching important population thresholds causes lower local tax rates and the granting of additional building permits (particularly for apartments). These policy changes occur early in the election cycle and, at least for housing policy, are restricted to incumbent mayors themselves expecting to benefit from crossing the population threshold.

关键词： Citizenship   civic education   civic virtues   democracy   liberalism   private school regulation   public policy   public school funding   religious schools  

摘要： Some people claim that religious schools are poorly suited to prepare children for citizenship in a multi-religious society that is (or aspires to be) a liberal democracy. In what sense(s), by what mechanism(s), and to what extent might this be so? And what could be the implications for public policy? I propose an analytical and evaluative framework for addressing these questions. There are several potentially independent dimensions on which a school may have a religious character, and each of these dimensions is a continuous variable. Schools that are strongly religious on all of these dimensions are indeed very poor instruments of civic education in a multi-religious society. But what about schools whose religious character is far weaker on each dimension? If these schools are inferior to their secular counterparts for civic educational purposes, that inferiority may be very slight. Given the great diversity among religious schools, and if - as I argue - the civic goals of education are not the only important values that ought to guide public education policy, there are powerful reasons to discriminate among (proposed) religious schools when making policy decisions about regulation and funding. Those who oppose such a discriminating approach must demonstrate that the benefits of difference blindness' in this domain outweigh its substantial costs.

关键词： nicotine   public policy   tobacco  

摘要： Introduction: Scientific discoveries over the past few decades have provided significant insight into the abuse liability and negative health consequences associated with tobacco and nicotine-containing products. While many of these advances have led to the development of policies and laws that regulate access to and formulations of these products, further research is critical to guide future regulatory efforts, especially as novel nicotine-containing products are introduced and selectively marketed to vulnerable populations. Discussion: In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the scientific findings that have impacted regulatory policy and discuss considerations for further translation of science into policy decisions. We propose that open, bidirectional communication between scientists and policy makers is essential to develop transformative preventive-and intervention-focused policies and programs to reduce appeal, abuse liability, and toxicity of the products. Conclusions: Through these types of interactions, collaborative efforts to inform and modify policy have the potential to significantly decrease the use of tobacco and alternative nicotine products and thus enhance health outcomes for individuals. Implications: This work addresses current topics in the nicotine and tobacco research field to emphasize the importance of basic science research and provide examples of how it can be utilized to inform public policy. In addition to relaying current thoughts on the topic from experts in the field, the article encourages continued efforts and communication between basic scientists and policy officials.

关键词： analytics   education   experiential learning  

摘要： In 2016, the Heinz College of Information Systems and Public Policy at Carnegie Mellon University was awarded the INFORMS UPS George D. Smith Prize for excellence in preparing students to be effective practitioners of operations research (OR) and analytics. In this article, we describe the philosophy underlying the college's approach to analytics education and the specific ways in which students in both the information systems and public policy programs combine coursework and experiential learning to apply a multidisciplinary problem-solving toolkit on their way to becoming men and women for intelligent action.

关键词： 提升   公共政策   效能  

摘要： 在我国政策都是由政府的相关部门调控的,为了可以让公众利益能够合理的相分配,这也就是具体的行政中所存在的重点手段。那么,现如今经济在不断的发展,公共政策的作用也越来越弱了。这种事情大概是中国成功的列入世贸组织只有的事,在中国的经济慢慢的成功融入世界的经济体系中去。那么,在当今的环境对我们国家的一些政策的制定以及执行的政策效能都大大的提高了难度,但是,在现在中国还是在公共正能上出现一些问题,那么主要是在实行导航出现了政策的偏移,各种复杂的因素混合在一起,那么最终结果反而偏离所要转达目标的意思。所以,如何才能提升公共政府效能,本文就和大家一起来进行讨论,

关键词： 新型主流媒体   发展趋势   社会责任   公共政策   民意  

摘要： 新型主流媒体要更好地实现传递信息、协调管理、监测社会环境、传承文化等功能及社会责任,有效提升政策的公信力并使之真正为民所用。深度的政民关系表现在政府和民众彼此之间的了解和认识逐步加深,共同为了促进社会上的公平而努力,让每一位合法公民都享有决策主体的地位和权益。这就要求新型主流媒体对民意和公共政策进行有机整合,使公共政策的科学性和民主性原则得以全面体现。因而当务之急是加强网络民意的深入研究,进行科学民主的判断、甄别、利用,加以合理疏导使之成为公共政策制定因素的有机组成部分,使民意在公共政策制定方面产生更加积极、高效、合理、规范的作用,同时使公共政策的制定更加适应人民诉求和社会发展需要。

关键词： 中国企业   移动通信   北京   论坛   世界   活力   巴塞罗那   公共政策  

摘要： 巴塞罗那世界移动大会2018（以下简称“巴展”或“MWC18”）刚刚落下帷幕,GSMA中国周——PostMWC18之“思享汇”论坛近日在北京举行.GSMA全球公共政策、技术和战略等领域相关负责人与多位国内信息与通信行业大咖一GSMA高级顾问、中国上市公司协会会长王建宙先生,亚信董事长田溯宁先生,飞象网CEO项立刚先生以及太一云科技董事长邓迪先生等齐聚一堂,共同分享巴展期间所见所闻、所思所想,围绕5G、区块链、物联网等技术与中国企业和市场的结合,共同探究全球移动智联时代的中国方案.

关键词： 契约正义   合作正义   公共政策   平等   合作  

摘要： 正义是人类社会永恒的追求,也是公共政策的目标指向。但是,在不同历史阶段中,正义的内涵是不同的。工业社会是一个以交换关系和竞争关系为主导的社会,所追求的正义集中体现在罗尔斯的"公平的正义"的概念中,这是一种契约正义。后来的学者对罗尔斯的观点提出了批判和完善,但没有跳出契约正义的框架。后工业化社会是一个合作关系包容竞争关系的社会,这就要求正义从契约正义转向合作正义。政策过程也要做出相应的目标转向,应该在尊重个体差异的基础上促进合作行动,在共生共在的观念中实现正义追求。

关键词： 公共政策   效率   信息   福利改进   税收政策  

摘要： 公共政策的价值与政策的效率紧密相关。在理想状态下,公共政策并没有实质的价值。分散与集中没有绝对的标准,两者在效率与稳定性上存在着替代效应。由于信息问题,公共政策具有福利改进的价值。同样由于信息问题,公共政策会引起扭曲,由此带来社会福利的损失。因而公共政策的效率与社会福利损失的降低关键在于信息,提高信息收集能力及信息透明度才是公共政策本身及效率提升的关键所在。

关键词： 公共政策   公民参与   制度经济学   交易成本  

摘要： 改革开放以来,党和政府开始注意到公民参与的作用,并出台了一些相关制度和政策保证公民有序参与。可是公共政策中公民参与的主动性仍然较低,公民参与的相关制度也未能很好地发挥作用。无论从理论方面,还是从实践方面,公共政策公民参与都还存在着很大的改进空间。当前我国学者对公民参与公共政策的研究主要停留在宏观层面,经济学角度的公共政策参与分析更为鲜见。任何有益的研究成果都应该被用来进行创新型研究。从制度经济学的角度探讨其与公共政策中公民参与的契合点,对参与过程中公民由自利性发展到公利性进而在各种政策环境下参与到公共政策中来的作用机制进行探讨,并立足交易理论挖掘在公共政策参与过程中存在的交易成本,并为降低成本、充分发挥参与制度作用提出建议具有重要现实意义。