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关键词： 仲裁   司法权属性   意思自治原则   公共政策   涉外因素  

摘要： 我国已形成无涉外因素纠纷约定外国仲裁协议无效的司法惯例。其形成的根本原因在于我国现行仲裁立法及司法受"混合论"的影响且偏重仲裁的司法权属性,直接原因则是对我国仲裁市场的保护。此司法惯例存在未充分保障当事人的意思自治,对仲裁协议准据法的选择不当,与我国现行立法框架、国际条约及域外实践不一致,违背我国商事仲裁国际化现实需求等问题。为推进构建更加稳定和可预期的"一带一路"法治化营商环境,建议改革现行仲裁立法理念而将仲裁定位为纠纷解决与商业服务机制,准确适用并尽量查明仲裁协议的准据法,接轨国际通行实践,逐渐以意思自治原则而非涉外因素来认定仲裁协议的效力,合理适用公共政策来弥补仲裁市场开放后可能出现的漏洞。

关键词： “国培计划”   公共政策   愿景   变迁   特征分析  

摘要： 运用公共政策视角,抓住政策问题、政策目标、政策制定、政策实施和政策效果等要素分析"国培计划"政策,发现:"国培计划"政策具有促进教育公平取向、专业标准取向、专业发展取向与课程的实践取向;"国培计划"经历了启动与定位期、规范与调试期、稳定与发展期、改革与转向期等演进与变迁过程;从"项目设置、目标定位、内容选择、模式方式"等方面显现出"国培计划"政策的特点与趋势。

关键词： 改革开放   公共政策   政策科学  

摘要： 中国政策科学是在改革开放中成长起来的一个特殊学科。回顾改革开放40年中国政策科学学科的发展历程,审视学科发展的成效与不足,中国特色政策科学发展仍拥有广阔的未来。因此,必须顺应中国特色社会主义建设进入新时代的历史性转折,把握当代科学技术发展趋势以及公共政策学科发展的内在逻辑,推进中国特色政策科学的话语、理论和学科体系建设,以适应新时代迅速变化着的中国公共政策实践发展的需要。

关键词： 公共政策   公共利益   市场失灵   逻辑起点  

摘要： 逻辑起点具有抽象、简单、细胞的元素的形式、起点和终点的辩证统一、历史起点和逻辑起点的相一致等五个特征。在分析公共政策的逻辑起点时,既不应该以市场失灵这样具体的表象作为其逻辑起点,也不应忽视政府利益与公共利益的内在一致性,认为政府利益是公共政策的逻辑起点,更不应该将民意、公众需要和社会问题与逻辑起点之间画上等号。公共利益的本质使得它符合作为逻辑起点的五个特征,从而成为公共政策的逻辑起点。

关键词： Recycling policies   Dynamic model   Cost of disposal   Waste management   Circular Economy   Curitiba  

摘要： In Brazil, the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP) does not encourage incineration. Thus, all the waste generated is disposed of in landfills or recycled. However, currently, around 94% of all the waste generated in Brazil, which is the 4th largest waste generator in the world, is disposed of in landfills. The aim of the article was to develop a dynamic model that allows an analysis of different scenarios involving the tradeoff between investment in new landfills and policies to increase the recycling rate. The methodology used was the technical of analysis of dynamic systems to develop scenarios, following a survey of the data relative to Brazil. The use of dynamic systems enables an understanding of the changing relationships in the waste value chain over time. From the current situation, scenarios have also been developed for Curitiba for 40 years. Curitiba is one of the most important Brazilian capital cities in terms of public policies for waste management. Because it is a dynamic system, the base theory for understanding the relationship between the variables and agents was the circular economy. The variables and relationships of the model were validated specialists, followed by a focal group of specialists in Brazil. By constructing two scenarios, with changes in terms of increasing investments in the public policy for environmental education, it was possible to gauge the impact throughout the value chain of paper and cardboard in Curitiba over a period of 40 years. The results show that the cost of disposal on land will increase, due to the volume generated and the cost of the land. The alternative of investing in recycling policies will reduce this impact in the future. The result shows that the long-term cost of not taking action is higher than the cost of a public policy. If annual investments increase from 315 thousand to 3,15 million (American dollars in 2016), the cost of disposal by 2055 will be reduced by 50 million of dollars per year. Moreover, the

关键词： Circular economy   Bibliometric   Development review   China  

摘要： In over 10 years, China remarkably progressed in the research and practice of circular economy. This paper presents a comparative study of the development of circular economy driven by the China's public policy and research. We conducted a bibliometric literature review based on the core journals listed in China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Scopus and Web of Science databases with the CiteSpace V over the period of 2000-2016 as the background. We selectively analyzed 248 articles to determine research trends and gaps in China and then combined them with the practices of circular economy in China's three "Five-Year Plans", namely, the 10th, 11th, and 12th, to summarize the development path of the research and practice of circular economy based on their interaction while exploring new potential directions of research. Results show evident interactive feedback between public policy and academic research. After 2010, the number of published Chinese domestic journals showed a decreasing trend and an upward trend in international journals and received increased international attention. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, circular economy research and practice significantly developed. When China entered the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020), the development of circular economy played a much important role as it is promoted as an important part of the ecological civilization and comprehensive construction of well-off society (in 2020). The corresponding theoretical study and practice are expected to further make remarkable progress.

关键词： Standards   Minority & ethnic groups   Funding   Low income groups   Activism   Parks & recreation areas   Multiculturalism & pluralism   Equity   Soccer   National parks   Public policy  

摘要： The article discusses a June 2018 Californian vote on the California Drought, Water, Parks, Climate, Coastal Protection, and Out- door Access for All Act of 2018. Statements from state senator Kevin de León on the social importance of parks are offered and elements of social inequality in park access are identified.

关键词： SUSTAINABLE developmentENVIRONMENTAL impact analysisENVIRONMENTAL policyGREEN businessSUSTAINABILITYCLIMATE changeENVIRONMENTAL standards  

摘要： Human-induced climate change is one of the most daunting challenges of the 21st century. Addressing climate change will require new sectors that create economically and ecologically sustainable products and services, often supported through voluntary certification standards. For example, the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) voluntary certification standard seeks to reduce the environmental impacts of buildings through stimulating growth of the "green building" sector. Both public and private actors have attempted to promote such standards;however, we know little about the relative efficacy of such efforts. We know even less about how regional culture conditions the impact of such public and private promotion. In this study, we theorize and test how regional institutional logics filter the efficacy of public and private efforts to promote adoption of standards. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to policy, private actors such as social movement organizations, market intermediaries, and environmental entrepreneurs play a role in bolstering adoption. Yet, the efficacy of such interventions is dependent upon variations in regional culture;only environmental entrepreneurs were able to bridge the cultural divide and be equally effective in regions dominated by either market or community logics. Our findings advance understanding of how new markets are socially constructed and the conditions under which efforts to promote new sectors are more effective.

摘要： An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including peer-review process, challenges related to nonprofit delivery of services, and the relationship between public policy and nonprofit organizations.

关键词： SHORTAGE   Plague   Prices   SCARCITY   Government   Pessimism   Oriented   commodity markets   Pain   Kerbstones  

摘要： A widespread and pessimistic view of the availability of mineral commodities calls for strong government initiatives to ensure adequate future supplies. This article provides a more market oriented and optimistic perspective, one that focuses on production costs and prices rather than physical availability. It sees short-run shortages continuing to plague commodity markets in the future as in the past. Though painful while they last, these shortages are temporary and do not pose a serious long-run threat to human welfare. Moreover, even without government intervention, they self-correct. The sharply higher prices that they evoke create strong incentives that foster supply and curb demand. Potentially more serious are long-run shortages due to mineral depletion. Such shortages are often thought to be inevitable, a conclusion that flows directly from the physical view of depletion. For various reasons, we reject this view of depletion in favor of an economic view. The latter recognizes that depletion may create long-run shortages, but stresses that this need not be the case if new technology can continue to offset the cost-increasing effects of depletion in the future as it has in the past. The economic view also suggests that a list of mineral commodities most threatened by depletion can best be compiled using cumulative availability curves rather than the more common practice of calculating commodity life expectancies based on estimates of available stocks.