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关键词： 公众参与   公共政策制定   公众参与环境  

摘要： 公众参与公共政策制定过程是当前中国社会治理理念的体现,也是社会不平衡、不充分发展现状的现实要求。当前环境下公众参与意识的缺乏、互联网的无序性以及参与渠道不完善等现实困境,影响着公众参与公共政策制定的效果。因此,营造参与型公共文化、提高公众参政议政能力、完善互动机制等对于政策制定的合理性与有效性有着重要意义。

关键词： 公共政策   功能限度   公共服务   市场失灵  

摘要： 市场失灵使得公共部门介入经济活动不可或缺,公共政策系统发挥经济职能势在必行。然而,公共政策系统也存在相当的局限性。当公共政策因政策环境、政策本身、执行不力等原因不能发挥既定的作用,甚至是对社会产生了负效应时,政策即告失败,公共政策系统的功能限度已经出现。本文选取了公共政策系统中的核心环节——公共政策的制定来详述当代公共政策系统在政府履行经济职能时所能发挥的功能限度。

关键词： 公共政策   互联网数据   聚类分析   指数模型  

摘要： 公共政策涉及到对社会资源的分配和协调,与社会大众的利益密切相关。对公共政策实施进行科学评估有利于提升政府施政能力。传统评估方式存在一定局限,利益相关方参与度不够。本文基于互联网大数据对公共政策实施评估进行了研究。通过对论坛、微博等互联网站点在政策出台后一段时间(如半年)的海量数据,以及部分用户行为数据,进行聚类分析,建立公共政策实施评估指数模型。

关键词： Industry-science cooperation   Innovation policy   Public support   Policy evaluation   Emerging economy  

摘要： This article explores the utilization of public policies aimed at supporting industrial innovation, and, in particular, enterprises involved in industry-science cooperation. The aim is to investigate whether firms cooperating with universities or R&D organisations are more likely to be supported by the state and demonstrate higher innovation performance. The empirical analysis is based upon the results of a 2018 specialised survey on innovation-active high-tech and medium high-tech manufacturing enterprises in Russia and relies on the concept of 'additionality'. Although the study results indicate that enterprises interacting with R&D performing organisations are more likely to be publicly supported, the recipients claim that the provided support rarely causes significant changes in their performance. Cooperating with R&D organisations and universities appears associated with mainly a general boost in the competitiveness of the enterprise. The paper provides evidence to suggest that support allocation in Russia is following a 'picking-the-winner' strategy. Combined with possible crowding-out effects, such strategy may prove to be counterproductive for a country with a less well developed national innovation system.

关键词： Knowledge mobility   Knowledge transfer   Futures knowledge   Cocreation   Research policy  

摘要： Futures knowledge is critical for developing knowledge-based policies that can guide societies in turbulent and uncertain times. Knowlede mobilisation and cocreation processes ensure that research-based futures knowledge is applicable to public sector decision-making;however, this mobilisation is challenging and empirical research regarding futures knowledge mobilisation is lacking. This article describes how futures knowledge was cocreated and mobilised in three projects that were part of a new Finnish Strategic Research Council (SRC) funding instrument. The SRC aims to cocreate and mobilise futures knowledge between three groups: research policy actors, researchers, and public sector stakeholders. We interviewed 23 actors from these groups. The results demonstrate three types of mobilisations/immobilisations: (1) mobilisations from themes (established by research policy actors) to projects (realised by researchers and stakeholders), (2) successful mobilisations of futures knowledge through researcher-stakeholder cocreation processes, and (3) immobilisations due to the unrealistic expectations of stakeholders who believed that researchers could transfer knowledge 'as is' and at the right time to stakeholders. Such expectations could cause a 'catch-up paradox' relating to the reactive use of futures knowledge in decision-making processes.

关键词： Sustainability transition management   Sustainability transition planning   Renewable energy transition   South Australia   Changing path dependency   Renewable energy targets  

摘要： In the 14 years from 2004 to 2018, the state of South Australia underwent a sustainability transition that saw its privately owned and operated electricity system change from 100% fossil fuel generation to a position where 50% was generated by wind and solar. However, this transition has not been without controversy. Most notably, in 2016 and again in 2017, the state was hit with major blackouts that many powerful individuals and organisations blamed on the renewables transition. The result of these blackouts and the substantial political fallout from them was the formulation and release of a new energy policy in 2017. Via a series of interviews with actors directly involved with the formulation of this new policy and an analysis of other sources attached to the state's renewables transition, this article reflects upon the elements and motivations that made and continue to make the renewables transition in South Australia successful. In particular, the research shows that when renewables establish a critical mass of generation, they produce a path dependent trajectory that is difficult to alter. In conclusion, the experience of South Australia demonstrates a means by which renewables transitions can be expedited by public policy initiatives in a privatised market system.

摘要： Perhaps one of the most reaffirming findings to emerge over the past several decades is that humans not only engage in generous behavior, they also appear to experience pleasure from doing so. Yet not all acts of helping lead to greater happiness. Here, we review the growing body of evidence showing that people engage in a wide array of prosocial behaviors (e.g., charitable giving, volunteering, blood/organ donation, offering advice, food sharing) which can promote positive emotions. Then, using self-determination theory, a foundational theory of human motivation, we consider when and how generous actions are most likely to boost the helper's happiness-and when they are not. Finally, we leverage these insights to consider how public policy and organizations can apply this information to make prosocial action more emotionally rewarding for citizens and employees alike.

关键词： 公众参与   参与形式   公共政策制定  

摘要： 在我国构建党委领导、政府负责、社会协同、公众参与的治理新格局,实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的大背景下,针对公共政策制定中公众参与诉求明显增强,但是参与效能较低的问题,论文试图探索参与形式对公共政策制定中公众参与意愿的影响。参与形式作为公众参与公共政策制定的途径或工具,明确不同参与形式对公众参与意愿的影响,探究公众是否在参与制定公共政策时有偏好的参与形式,可以为政府优化参与形式的使用和提高公众有序参与公共政策制定的意愿提供建议。 为达成此目标,论文综合运用公共管理学、政治学、政策学和行政学等多门学科知识,基于治理理论和公众参与理论中关于公众参与和参与形式的思想,结合国内外学者有关公共政策制定中公众参与意愿影响因素的研究,围绕参与形式对公共政策制定中公众参与意愿的影响,从四个部分展开讨论。在第一部分,论文首先结合我国公共政策制定中公众参与的实践情况说明了选题的原因,接着对国内外相关研究文献进行了整理,从中找出可供继续研究的空间。论文重点了解和整理了有关公共政策制定中参与形式的类型、选择依据,以及国内公共政策制定中公众参与意愿的现状和影响因素的文献。通过整理笔者发现国内学者较少通过实证方法来研究参与形式对公众参与意愿的影响。 论文的第二部分阐述了如何通过调查实验的研究方法来达成研究目标。这一部分讨论了变量的选取、研究假设、调查实验的具体设计和数据来源。论文在自变量参与形式上选择了实地参与形式中的座谈会和网络参与形式中的微信实名讨论、网络匿名讨论三种,然后用量表对因变量公共政策制定中的公众参与意愿进行测量。调查实验是通过在问卷调查中应用实验思维来实现的。笔者设计了九个版本的问题,然后将总样本随机分为九组,每组回答不同版本的问题。 在第三部分中,论文利用单因素方差分析法和事后多重比较法对调查实验的所得数据进行分析和处理,研究了不同参与形式与公共政策制定中公众参与意愿之间的关系。在分析三种参与形式对公众参与政策制定的意愿影响后论文发现,参与形式对公共政策制定的公众参与意愿存在较大影响。不同的参与形式会产生不同的公众公众参与意愿,且参与意愿之间存在显著差距。就具体的参与形式而言,实地参与形式产生的参与意愿高于网络参与形式,这可能说明在参与公共政策制定时,公众更倾向于正式的、面对面的、透明的实地参与形式,透明度低、责任感低的网络参与形式并不是公众的最优选择。 在第四部分中,笔者首先针对分析所得的结果对参与形式和公共政策制定的公众参与意愿之间的关系进行了总结。然后笔者从理论和实践两方面阐述了研究结果的启发。在理论上要重视参与形式在公共政策制定中的角色作用,尽快发展完善一个适用于国内实践情况的参与形式选择模型;在实践上公共政策制定者在征求公民意见和建议、鼓励公众积极参与制定公共政策时要理性选择参与形式,充分发挥参与形式的作用并且不断丰富公共政策制定中的参与形式。最后对研究的结果和研究的不足进行了总结,对未来可供研究的内容和方向做出了展望。

关键词： 故意犯罪免责条款   相当因果关系   故意犯罪   公共政策   被保险人遗属  

摘要： 故意犯罪免责条款自1999年纳入我国保险法,至今已有20年时间。在2015年保险法修改之际,我国出台了《保险法司法解释三》对该条款中的故意犯罪、因果关系进行了定义,完善了该条款的内涵,同时,历经二十年的司法实践,也已累积了不少故意犯罪免责条款的案例。但目前我国故意犯罪免责条款规定仍面临着规定模糊、条款较少的问题,司法解释尽管对关键词进行了一定的解释,但在具体适用中,仍然出现了大量的矛盾判决,究其原因,依旧是法规上存在着明显的漏洞。此外,对于该条款的必要性,比较法上也存在着一定的不同意见。我国保险业本身在蓬勃的发展阶段,作为分担风险、保障当事人生活的重要制度,探究如何完善除外责任的相关规定,为其进一步发展提供助力,是本文的重要内容。本文第一章从介绍故意犯罪免责条款入手,阐述了其基本概念。随后分析故意犯罪条款司法及立法现状,结合我国20年来的立法沿革及司法中出现的大量案例,总结出在该类诉讼中主要涉及的犯罪类型及判决结果,通过建立图表的形式进行数据分析,为后文的发现问题做好数据支撑。本文第二章通过对上文案例的进一步分析,从内部的司法适用问题及外部的法律规则合理性角度对故意犯罪免责条款存在的问题进行了分析,内部的司法适用问题集中在故意犯罪的定义如何确定、故意犯罪与死亡后果间因果关系如何认定上。外部的法律规则合理性问题集中在传统的立法原则“被保险人不得从其犯罪行为中受益”的原则面临挑战。从而为接下来的解决问题部分进行清晰的划分。本文第三章重点解决了内部司法适用中的故意犯罪的认定问题,首先通过对无罪推定原则进行分析,明确其作为正当程序原则的主要内涵,在民事诉讼中没有适用的空间。无罪推定原则在保险诉讼中的仅仅需要作为一项证据规则发挥作用,仍然可以通过正当的民事程序认定犯罪行为。同时对结论性意见的定义进行明确,区分公文书证性质的文书与单纯的证据类文书。本文第四章分析了内部司法适用中的故意犯罪行为与死亡后果间因果关系的确认问题,通过对近因原则和相当因果关系的解释,结合故意犯罪免责条款与一般保险事故认定上的不同之处,确定了在存在犯罪实习行为、非实行行为、以及介入因素的情况下,判断因果关系的标准。本文第五章着眼于探析外部法律规则上故意犯罪可保性问题,从现代保险法发展中的新兴“以保护被保险人遗属为优先”的学说出发,结合英美法系国家与近邻的中国台湾地区以及日本在适用上的实践情况,分析该学说的合理性。同时对故意犯罪免责条款的社会性功能及私益功能进行确认,权衡两者间的重要性,并最终结合中国的立法实际提出修法的建议。本文研究的创新点在于从司法实践入手,对于故意犯罪免责条款修法的必要性以及其切实存在的问题进行分析,并且结合比较法内容对其修改的方向进行参考。与此相应,本文研究的不足在于研究内容横跨两大法律,对于刑法中的相关内容认识上存在不足之处,因而在写作中仅能对其进行较为粗浅的认识。

摘要： My dissertation integrating theory and practice into fostering sustainable, ecofriendly, and equitable public policy that promote the well-being of generations to come. My main research questions are: how can we transform the complex socioeconomic systems to build future resilience? In the first chapter, I identify and quantify the effect of the presence of tight oil and gas extraction on the agricultural productivity. This study informs evidence-based policymaking on pressing environmental issues. In the next chapter, I studied the effectiveness of existing policy of urban growth control from an evolutionary landscape and found that the decades-old regulation does not fulfill its goal. I worked on long-term, high-resolution spatial-temporal satellite data from multiple sources to make the policy assessment achievable and accessible. This research design, instrumental in explaining the choice of the program enrollment, provides strong grounds for policy realignment that benefits the regional economies and promotes agricultural sustainability. In the final chapter, I evaluate the unintended effect of Shelter-in-Place order for COVID-19 in the United States while accounting for unobserved seasonality and the potential endogeneity of the policy. I find that counties with the Shelter-in-Place order have higher in percent of good AQI.