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关键词： 健康中国   健康优先   健康治理   人力资本   公共政策   全流程  

摘要： 当前和今后一个时期,“健康优先”成为建设健康中国、推进健康治理的重要工具和主要归宿。不过,学界和实务界对于“健康优先”的研究依然比较薄弱,国内外尚无“健康优先”的统一定义。《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》对“健康优先”所做的简明扼要的表述,为系统阐释“健康优先”的核心要义提供了重要线索和参照。秉持“大卫生、大健康”理念,除了蕴含的基本价值判断和方向引领的作用外,“健康优先”还具有明确的实践意涵和鲜明的工具属性,必然将在中国下一步的高质量发展中释放出重要功能。坚持合目的性与合规律性的有机统一,遵循人力资本的理论内核和实践历程,重点结合该纲要精神,融合政策语境和社会现实,变换历史时空和战略视野,可以解读和梳理我国“健康优先”的政策意蕴和生成脉络。改革开放以来,我国先后提出并实施的教育优先战略、人才优先战略、就业优先战略、健康优先战略,可以视为经济社会实践中对人力资本理论的深度遵循和极致化运用,既体现了我国经济社会发展水平的提升,也反映了党和国家治国理政方略的深化。“健康优先”战略无疑将成为人力资本优先发展战略“组合拳”中的后起之秀和重中之重。面向新时代卫生健康领域的主要矛盾,秉持全流程管理的理念,可以系统而全面地探求“健康优先”的治理架构。下一步应响应和借鉴世界卫生组织“将健康融入所有政策”的倡议,恪守“把健康摆在优先发展的战略地位”的价值取向,运用“立足国情,将促进健康的理念融入公共政策制定实施的全过程”这一实施方式和工作方法,尤其是要贯通目标设定、组织保障、政策融入、绩效考核等环节,进一步明确“健康优先”的目标导向,夯实“健康优先”的组织保障,健全“健康优先”的政策体系,创新“健康优先”的共治机制,强化“健康优先”的绩效考核,有效协同相关政策,充分释放集成效应,从而“加快形成有利于健康的生活方式、生态环境和经济社会发展模式,实现健康与经济社会良性协调发展”。

关键词： 人工智能   收入不平等   普及教育   公共政策  

摘要： 人工智能发展会促进经济增长,但同时加剧收入不平等。本文建立一个动态一般均衡模型并进行数值模拟,考察针对此问题的几种公共政策的潜在效应。结果表明,在人工智能技术内生发展的经济中,普遍增加人力资本积累的教育政策(如延长普及教育年限)可以在促进增长的同时抑制收入不平等加剧,而其他政策(如对高技能或高收入工人征税、增加新基建投资等)在促进增长的同时必然伴随收入不平等加剧。延长普及教育年限(如将高中教育纳入义务教育)有利于增加人力资本存量,缩小各类工人的人力资本差距,因而可以用更小的不平等代价获得经济增长,这应该成为发展人工智能过程中平衡经济增长和收入不平等的重要政策考量。

关键词： 公共政策   “三明治”框架   多源流框架   社会问题   政治导向   网约车  

摘要： 为什么公共政策出台有轻重缓急之分?在政策制定中,注意力分配的影响机制是什么?本文以多源流理论为基础,构建了政策制定的“三明治”框架,对以上两个问题进行回答。本文在多源流框架的问题之窗和政治之窗的基础上,提炼了问题与政治两个要素,结合政策制定的二重合法性,提取出社会问题的突出性与政治导向的吻合度两个框架要素,认为在二者的互动影响下,政策形成了专题型政策、愿景型政策、综合型政策、观察型政策四种类型。文章以出租车政策验证了以上四种类型,并发现四类政策分别发挥了重点解决、指导调解、关注和潜在观察社会问题的作用,政策注意力呈现阶梯分布,解释了政策的轻重缓急之分,拓展了多源流框架。

关键词： 公共政策   绩效评估   行政管理  

摘要： 公共政策的绩效评估活动历史悠久,这种活动的本质实际上就是管理学中的反馈行为,是公共政策与绩效评估的有机结合, 产生的基础是时代发展的必然结果。在可预见的将来,公共政策绩效评估将会制度化、专业化,从而提高公共政策绩效评估的科学性。

关键词： 民意吸纳制度   渐进决策模式   行政改革   公共政策  

摘要： 民意吸纳制度是现代政府公共政策体系的重要组成部分,它承载着提供决策方案,评价政策效果等作用。一个政府是否能够制定出高质量的公共政策,往往取决于其民意吸纳机制是否能在政策过程中发挥作用。当前我国理论界大多是对民意吸纳制度本身进行分析和研究,而涉及我国民意吸纳制度的改革过程的研究成果不多。本文试图结合林德布洛姆的渐进决策思想,从分析我国民意吸纳制度的改革路径出发,论述渐进决策模式下的民意吸纳制度存在的不足及改革的方向。

关键词： RES Policy instruments   Panel data models   Spatial model   Barriers to green investments   Mimicking effects  

摘要： This aim of the paper is to investigate on the strength of EU renewable energy policies and of internal barriers to energy investments. Using a novel approach based on spatial econometric methods, the paper contributes to the debate on the effectiveness of policies supporting renewable energy investments in the EU member states. The empirical analysis is based on estimates from spatial econometric models that combines independent variables with a weighting scheme of trade linkages between member states. It allows to show how trade relationships can play a role in shaping green energy policies. In fact, technological skills are transferred together with goods and services, trade flows represent an exogenous factor correlated with green investments.

关键词： Cancer   Preferences   Home care   Public decision-making  

摘要： In France, cancer treatments are mainly provided in hospitals, which are expensive and crowded. Health decision-makers therefore want to develop alternative structures such as home care and local health centres. Objectives: To elicit cancer patients' preferences for home, local health centre, or hospital, and analyze factors affecting these choices: patients' characteristics, experiences of care, expectations and perceptions of cancer management. Methods: We developed a decision aid composed of 1) information on the 3 options 2) a questionnaire to measure preferences;3) a questionnaire on sociodemographics and experiences of care, 386 patients participated in the survey. Results: hospital was the preferred option for 71 % of the participants, especially for complicated care, followed by home care (24 %) and local health centres (5%). Main reasons for preferring hospital were the wish to separate home life and place of care, wanting to avoid being a burden on their relatives. Reasons influencing a preference for home care were wanting to avoid trips, maintain their lifestyle, and finding hospitals frightening. Neither socio-demographics nor even experience of care seemed to explain preferences. Conclusion: A quarter of patients preferred home care, which is highly disproportionate to the home care currently available. This suggests that hindrances to developing alternatives to hospital do not come from patients' reluctance to make use of them, but rather from healthcare providers' objections. (c) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Integrated knowledge translation   Stakeholder engagement   Evidence-informed policy  

摘要： BackgroundSolutions to complex public health issues should be informed by scientific evidence, yet there are important differences between policy and research processes that make this relationship challenging. Integrated knowledge translation (IKT) is a strategy of sustained stakeholder engagement that intends to address barriers to evidence use. We highlight an example of an IKT project alongside a randomized controlled trial of a public policy intervention that tested different disbursement patterns of income assistance among people who use drugs in Vancouver, British *** case study design was used where an IKT strategy led by a knowledge broker embedded within the research team acts as the case. This case study evaluates the process and effectiveness of the integrated knowledge translation project by measuring intermediate outcomes within a Theory of Change created to map pathways to impact. Content analysis was performed using an evaluation template through document review, post-event evaluations, and detailed tracking of media, knowledge translation activities and requests for *** host of knowledge translation products synthesized existing research about the harms of synchronized income assistance disbursement and supported stakeholder engagement, facilitating conversation, relationship building and trust with stakeholders. Engagement improved knowledge of the contextual feasibility for system change, and contributed experiential knowledge to study findings. A combination of access to information and stakeholder and media engagement led to increased acknowledgement of the issue by policy makers directly involved in the income assistance *** project shows how a multipronged approach to IKT addressed barriers to evidence-informed public policy and successfully contributed to increased public discourse around income assistance policy reform. Additionally, sustained engagement with diverse stakeholders led to improv

关键词： 公共政策过程   禁止燃放烟花爆竹   实证研究  

摘要： 文章基于对湖南省新化县禁止燃放烟花爆竹情况的实地调研,对新化禁止燃放烟花爆竹的公共政策过程进行了深入分析。研究发现:燃放烟花爆竹会带来空气污染、噪声污染、增加安全隐患、影响环境卫生等一系列负面因素。因地制宜采取"禁放"或"限放"措施是很有必要的。文章还提出了相应的对策建议。