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关键词： 媒介融合   公共政策   风险控制  

摘要： 媒介融合环境促进信息传播,并使政府、媒介、资本、公众等方面的关系更加复杂。在媒介融合环境下,信息的裂变传播加速形成社会舆论压力,信息的对抗性解读放大风险,公众的非理性聚焦阻遏政策制定与实施,资本的参与削弱政策的正义性,这使得以促进公共利益为目标的公共政策面临着不同风险。在此环境下,控制公共政策风险,应当坚持开放民主的决策思维,充分协商与对话,理性、包容地引导舆论,及时、准确地促进信息流动。

关键词： 轨道交通   公共政策   法规标准体系  

摘要： 为了更好地推进公共交通优先战略的实施,发展轨道交通仍将继续成为北京市交通发展的重要路径,同时首都轨道交通网络化运营效果已初步显现,轨道交通进入从以建设为主向运营为主转变的新发展阶段。为更好地适应这一阶段发展要求,轨道交通行业相关的法规标准体系也需与时俱进,不断完善、紧跟时代发展需要,本文对目前中国和北京市的轨道交通政策法规和标准体系进行了初步分析,提出了下一步完善的简要工作思路。

关键词： 钱塘江   五水共治   主成分分析法   公共政策效应  

摘要： 水质性缺水与洪涝灾害等多形态水患是目前我国南方地区水资源问题的基本特征。如何对整体水资源环境进行有效的集成治理,成为实现区域经济社会绿色发展与人民共享幸福生活的至关重要的环节。浙江省政府推行的“五水共治”公共政策是对当前乃至今后我国相当长一段时期内水问题综合治理的一个积极尝试。从钱塘江流域水资源环境现状出发,采用主成分分析法对钱塘江流域“五水共治”公共政策实施前后的政策效应水平进行综合评价分析。研究发现,“五水共治”实施的水利政策效应良好,水质与整体水环境得到明显改善;“五水共治”项目的政府手段特色和以项目带动治水的特征明显,市场经济调节手段的集成配合有待完善;某些项目的后期成效平滑衰减,公共政策的合成效应与持续效应有待进一步提升。

关键词： 美国   健康校园   大学   公共政策  

摘要： 全民健康是各国政府努力追求的健康目标。本文通过对美国“健康校园2020”计划的规划内涵、目标等顶层设计与实施框架进行系统性分析,总结了美国“健康校园2020”计划中教职工、学生等利益相关者的培养路径及其创新举措,以期对中国的健康校园建设提供积极的理论借鉴。

关键词： crime   minimum wage   synthetic control method   unemployment  

摘要： Research Summary In 2017, Seattle, Washington, became the first city in the United States to increase its minimum wage to $15 per hour, more than double the federal minimum wage. Not only was a $15 minimum wage unprecedented, but the increase was also extremely rapid, with the minimum wage rising by nearly 60% in just 2 years. Using a synthetic differences-in-differences estimator, we consider the impact of Seattle's landmark minimum wage legislation on public safety. Although there is speculative evidence for an increase in commercial burglaries, we find little evidence that Seattle experienced a change in its aggregate rate of violent or property offending relative to other U.S. cities. To better understand the mechanisms underlying our findings, we investigate the impacts of the local wage law on employment and earnings for Seattle's low-skilled labor market. We detect no meaningful adverse effects on the employment rates of low-wage workers. Policy Implications Our results suggest that Seattle increased its minimum wage without compromising public safety. Seattle's experience shows that increasing wages can be a tool for increasing the opportunity cost of crime without reducing employment levels. To the extent that other cities enact higher minimum wages to a level that generates unemployment among low-skilled workers, public safety changes could be considerably different.

关键词： Discounting   Discounting Climate change   Public finance  

摘要： The choice of discount rate has a significant impact on net benefit estimates when costs today have benefits over long time horizons. Standard U.S. government practice for cost ebenefit analysis is to bound such analysis using two alternative rates. These rates are meant to represent the rate of return paid by capital investment and the rate received by consumers. Previous work has shown this approach legitimately bounds the analysisdbut only when future benefits accrue directly to consumers either in a two-period model or as a perpetuity. We generalize to consider arbitrary patterns of future benefits, accruing either directly to consumers or indirectly through future investment. We derive an expression for the appropriate discount rate and show that it converges to the consumption rate for benefits increasingly far into the future. More generally, the bounding rates depend on the temporal pattern of the undiscounted dollars. As an application, we estimate the appropriate discount rate for climate change damages from carbon dioxide, finding it lies in a narrow range ( +/- 0.5 percent) around the consumer rate of interest. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Asymmetric information   Value of information  

摘要： We examine public policy toward the use of genetic tests by insurers when a positive test makes actuarially fair insurance too expensive for some consumers. With state-dependent utility, consumers may decline actuarially fair insurance if the probability of becoming ill exceeds a threshold. In markets with adverse selection, a positive genetic test may cause all or some high risks to drop out of the market (complete and partial genetic discrimination, respectively). Full participation in the market by all consumers requires cross-subsidization. We show that the consent law and mandatory testing are equivalent. Under complete genetic discrimination, the duty to disclose is never Pareto dominated, but either the code of conduct or consent law can yield the same outcome. Under partial genetic discrimination, the duty to disclose is never Pareto dominated. However, partial genetic discrimination and cross-subsidization imply the information ban is noncomparable to the other policy alternatives. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

ISBN: (纸本)9787300291161

关键词： Covid19   legitimacy   evidence-based policy   tracing   testing   social isolation  

摘要： During a pandemic, the government requires active compliance by citizens. While these demands can be enforced with rewards and punishments, legitimacy allows the government to achieve the same results with greater cost effectiveness. The way in which a government can acquire substantive legitimacy depends on how it communicates and justifies its decisions. In this article, we measure revealed legitimacy, via approval of three potential mitigation strategies against Covid19, when they are defended using expert endorsement, consultation by civil society, and mediation between opposing interests. Our methodological choice was to randomly assign participants to either a non-conflicting priming or to one that emphasizes the risks involved, (e.g. connection between health and economy, uncertainty, and economic costs). The data come from an online experiment we conducted as part of a longitudinal study in several countries. The countries included are Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The results show that the support of experts in non-controversial domains is preferred (consensus of value, low uncertainty, diffuse rents). Contrary to our hypotheses, we found that citizen deliberation is not preferred under high epistemic uncertainty, and mediation is either indifferent or not preferred under conflict of value and conflict of interest.

关键词： Oil and gas development   Fracking   Hybrid governance   Institutional grammar   Energy policy  

摘要： In this paper, we ask how the written composition of public policies structure an environmental governance system. We answer this question using semi-automated text analyses of 22 state-level policies governing oil and gas development in California between 2007 and 2017. The findings portray an environmental governance system that is both partitioned and connected into different focal areas (called "targeted action situations") through certain actors, issues, and rules. We conclude with substantive insights about California's oil and gas governance system, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions for analyzing the composition of public policy to advance knowledge about hybrid governance.