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关键词： public policy   asset management   standards   water services  

摘要： Water services-including urban water supply, wastewater, and stormwater services-are essential to society and critical for protecting human health and the well-being of communities. Goal 6 of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recognizes this importance and aims to "ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all." Despite progress, the UN reports billions of people still lack water and sanitation services. Many governments around the world face the challenge of balancing between investment in new assets, programs, and services and providing the required funding for repair and replacement of existing water assets. This paper argues infrastructure asset management establishes a foundational framework for the system of operations, management, and importantly, governance of assets to deliver services. An enabling environment for asset management, in addition to supporting the delivery of services, also contributes to meeting public policy objectives. The research question is: How can governments utilize public policy to enable asset management and consequently achieve societal objectives. A variety of public policy instruments used to enable infrastructure asset management and support achievement of government goals and objectives, such as the UN SDGs, are outlined and analyzed. The methodology involved a survey and case studies drawn from three countries, focused on the water sector. It also presents outcomes, common elements, and the need for and benefits of standardization.

ISBN: (纸本)9787543233089

关键词： Deforestation risk   Accessibility   Forest policy   Drivers   Logistic regression   Mexico  

摘要： The public forest policy's response to the threat of deforestation in Mexico has relied on different environmental tools for forest management, conservation, and survival. The present study compares the updated version of the Index of Economic Pressure for Deforestation (IRDef, in Spanish), one of the most commonly used public policy tools, to an alternative version this index incorporating a modification of the measurement of accessibility (MIRDef, in Spanish). It also evaluates the accuracy of the deforestation risk estimates obtained with both the IRDef and the MIRDef by comparing them to actual deforestation that occurred, based on open data on forests and tropical forests in Mexico (obtained from Global Forest Watch). Logistic regressions and geographic information systems were used to model both indices. The modified index (MIRDef) was more sensitive to actual deforestation than the updated version of the index (IRDef), although neither of the indices' expected distributions of high and very high risk categories, agreed with the actual deforestation that occurred. The results of this analysis provide information that contributes to the important discussion about the drivers and deterrents of deforestation in Mexico along with strategies to strengthen the federal public policy tool.

关键词： democracy   public policy   regulation   technology   threat  

摘要： This study provides a comparative survey of policy-making discourse in the United Kingdom and the United States from 2016 to 2020 around digital threats to democracy. Through an inductive coding process, it identifies six core ideals common in these two countries: transparency, accountability, engagement, informed public, social solidarity, and freedom of expression. Reviewing how these ideals are constructed in policy-making documents, we find differences in each country's emphasis, inconsistencies in how some democratic ideals are evoked and promoted, conflicts between different democratic ideals, and disconnects between empirical realities of democracy and policy-making discourse. There is a lack of clarity in what social solidarity, engagement, and freedom of expression mean and how they should be balanced;conceptions of an informed public are deeply fraught, and in tension with other ideals. We argue that policy-making discourse is often out of step with the growing literature which suggests that political conflicts between social groups, right-wing extremism, and antidemocratic actions increasingly taken by elites and parties are at the root of growing democratic crises. This state of policy-making discourse has important implications for attempts to pursue regulation and suggests the need for further reflection by policymakers on the democratic ideals they are solving for.

关键词： 中国外贸企业   供应链   新加坡国立大学   李光耀   波动状态   产业链   公共政策   俄罗斯  

摘要： 中国WTO研究会副会长霍建国:全球供应链波动状态可能会持续较长时间,如果疫情未完全遏制,供应链很难完全恢复正常。疫情结束后,调整、稳定供应链至少需要半年时间。新加坡国立大学李光耀公共政策学院副教授顾清扬:中国产业链、供应链布局重点应放在周边国家,如中亚地区、俄罗斯、韩国、日本、东盟,这将为中国外贸企业提供一个安全发展供应链、产业链的良好机遇。

关键词： 公共政策   规划纲要   文本分析   政策走向  

摘要： 历次的五年规划都是展示中国特色公共政策发展方向的重要组成部分。文本、尤其是重要的政策文件对于政策走向的分析具有重要的价值。本文以“十四五”规划纲要文本为研究对象,采用文本分析软件进行词汇挖掘,汇总纲要中的高频词汇,并对其内容进行解读分析,可以明确国家发展的战略、总体布局及中国公共政策长期发展目标指向。

关键词： 公平价值取向   教育公共政策   优化研究  

摘要： 公共政策的制定和执行在实质上是对全社会价值进行的权威性分配,是对社会资源的权威性分配。教育作为准公共产品,具备极大的外部性,因此教育公平一直是政府和公众的价值追求。但受经济发展水平、区域经济发展差异、历史遗留问题等因素的影响,在不同的历史时期,教育框架下的公平和效率的关系呈现出了不同的阶段特征,但在整体趋势上,我国教育的相关公共政策是呈现更加注重公平的倾向。本文以城乡教育政策为例,以小见大分析政府在教育公平价值取向下对公共问题的回应、政策制定与执行的优化路径,以期为公共政策抉择提供建议。

关键词： 巴西   多元社会   身份政治   公共政策   肯定性行动(政策)  

摘要： 作为国家治理中应对社会差距和不平等的常见政策回应,肯定性行动政策在实践层面和学术研究中都备受关注,也提出诸多需要解释或回答的问题。本文在政策起源路径上对巴西肯定性行动政策的分析表明,巴西“种族民主”向身份政治的转变带来了种族政策的重要转型,使肯定性行动政策成为其种族政策的优先选项。在身份政治的话语体系和思考框架中,肯定性行动政策获得了新的动力和正当性。这不仅强化了优惠政策的政治逻辑,也部分解释了为什么肯定性行动政策在支持证据不足且质疑或反对持续存在甚至增加的情况下,仍能不断扩大或被创制。

关键词： 文献资料   体育小镇   运动休闲   公共政策执行   体育产业基地   空间区域   文本分析   全民健身发展  

摘要： 本文运用文献资料、文本分析、实地调研和逻辑推理等研究方法,基于Smith政策执行过程模型,深入探讨我国体育小镇品牌建设的公共政策执行影响因素,进而提出相关建议,以期为促进我国体育小镇的健康发展提供有益的参考。体育(特色)小镇是将运动休闲、文化、健康、旅游、养老、教育培训等多种功能融于一体的空间区域、全民健身发展平台和体育产业基地^([1])。

关键词： 公共政策   乡村振兴   常州  

摘要： 实施“乡村振兴战略”,就是要让群众的获得感更足,幸福感更可持续,安全感更有保障。M村以积极的公共政策,助推乡村振兴,不断创造有利条件,提高村民教育水平,增强身体素质,丰富精神生活,整体推进公共服务体系建设及长效管理,以积极的公共政策提升村民幸福感,助推乡村振兴。