关键词：
Indigenous peoples
Sustainable economic development
Ecological sustainability
Environmental policy
Sustainable development
Arctic regions
Environmental protection
Natural resources conservation
Native culture
摘要：
Indigenous knowledge is valuable in any effective system of wildlife resource management, particularly the practices of quantifying environmental phenomenon that subsistence cultures must develop to survive.91 Traditional indigenous activities depend upon the land, whereas a foreign sovereign has little disincentive to mitigate environmental disruption.92 In the Arctic, indigenous practices clash with the interests of the Arctic States with regard to some points of industrial development and commercialization, but they are consistent with other types of economic development. However, the particularities of Arctic governance force decision-makers to consider natural resources with different economic utility from the indigenous perspective.93 While the indigenous peoples themselves do not have sovereignty over the region, indigenous values are taken into account by means of the uniquely collaborative governance structure that defines Arctic law. Modern Arctic governance revolves around the Inuit Circumpolar Conference, which actively pursues Arctic policies that are mutually satisfying to both the indigenous peoples and the Arctic States that serve as their legal sovereign.94 One of the earliest U. S. Arctic policies declares that "the... Arctic provides an essential habitat for marine mammals, migratory waterfowl, and other forms of wildlife which are important to the [United States] and which are essential to Arctic residents."95 However, this representation of indigenous peoples does not always translate into a realization of indigenous interests in Arctic policy. This model justifies some exploitative behavior, such as commercial whaling, hunting, and fishing, but obliges the Arctic States to approach non- traditional economic activity from a context of environmental conservation.
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