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关键词： 轴心文明   合法性论证   伦理向度   政治合法性   社会分层   政治形态   治理结构   理性思考  

摘要： 轴心文明时代以降,理性主义开始主导政治形态、统治结构、社会分层、群体治理,并对政体、政权、政制等方面进行系统的理性思考和伦理论证。这些思考论证表现为多种多样的形态,不同历史阶段中的不同政治体制、不同族群的相异治理结构既反映了其时其地的政治复杂性,也为政治合法性论证开拓出迥然不同的空间。

关键词： 剧情纪录片   因果关系   社会角色   演员角色  

摘要： 剧情纪录片《吉祥如意》巧妙地将影片中真实与虚构的元素进行转化,推动了影片中人物角色和因果关系的转变,从而为影片内部的叙事机制与模式营造了更为广阔的话语空间。

关键词： 陈存仁   上海   社会关系网络   社会角色   中医药史   近代  

摘要： 陈存仁是近代上海中医人的杰出代表。他之所以投入中医门下且成功拜丁甘仁、丁仲英父子为师,主要得益于其较好的家庭环境与家庭原有的社会关系网络。在上海中医专门学校求学期间,他通过灵活的头脑以及超出同龄人的老道,构筑出广泛的社会关系网络,并在此基础上不断扩大人脉。这种广泛的社会关系网络为陈存仁的事业发展、医生和出版人角色的扮演、参与中医抗争和慈善公益等的社会活动发挥了积极作用,助其成为民国上海的传奇名医。

关键词： United Kingdom   Transition to adulthood   Social inequalities   Latent class analysis   1970 British cohort study   Next Steps study  

摘要： Changes across education, employment, and family life over the past 20 years challenges the capacity of previously established social role combinations to continue representing the experiences of young men and women born since the late 1980s. Latent class analysis was used to derive patterns of role combinations at ages 25-26 in those growing up in England, using data from 3191 men and 3921 women in the 1970 British Cohort Study (1996) and 3426 men and 4281 women in the Next Steps study born in 1989-90 (2015-16). Role combinations in 1996 were well defined by five patterns across genders: educated, work-oriented, traditional family, fragile family, and slow starters. Patterns in 2015-16 diverged across genders (e.g., disappearance of home ownership in the traditional family group among men and higher education as a group identifier among women) and included across genders fewer work-oriented, more slow starters, and a new group of "left behind" who are excluded from work and relationships. Young men and women born around 1990 experienced diverging role combinations characterized by increased delays and inequalities, with fewer being able to attain the milestones traditionally associated with the transition to adulthood by the mid-20s.

关键词： 不真正不作为犯   法定犯   支配   社会角色   类型理论  

摘要： 不真正不作为理论应当引入类型化、规范化的视角。从犯罪分类的角度看,法定犯具有道德中性和目的关联性特征,它决定了不作为理论应当以实现处罚在形式与实质上的正当性为目标。在事实与规范两条评价路径中,事实路径试图通过支配来实现不作为与作为在事实意义上的等置,但因果关系的等置不同于不法评价的等同,规范要素不是支配关系判断的前提而是重心,仅凭不作为无法实现支配。不作为犯罪的成立是规范评价,社会角色是规范路径的考察重点。在法定犯中,社会角色并非抽象的、先在的社会秩序的产物,前置法参与了社会角色的建构。前置法规范为作为义务划定了范围,是否构成不作为犯罪需要经过不法类型的筛选,法益难以界分前置法义务与刑法义务。等价性并非评价标准而是评价结论。

关键词： 未成年人   教育惩戒   社会化   社会学  

摘要： 社会化视角下的教育惩戒是一种正式的社会控制手段,具有教育性、合理性、主动性和主体多元性等特征。社会控制理论、人格发展理论、越轨理论以及犯罪预防理论为教育惩戒提供了理论视角。在社会化视角下,教育惩戒具有促使学生个性全面发展、正向发展集体本位价值观、强化学生的责任精神、加强学生的规则意识等现实意义。在研究和分析教育惩戒时,应以增强教育惩戒的监督措施、增设划分预防措施与惩戒措施、加强教育惩戒的渐进性为方式,这将有利于理解教育惩戒的内涵及适用范围,也更有利于帮助未成年人社会化。

关键词： 社会学视角   互联网   知识付费   移动端   中产阶级   发展对策   几点探索   未来的发展  

摘要： 在互联网的飞速发展和移动端普及的今天,知识付费产品以不可抵挡的势头出现在人们的视野里。本文从知识社会学的视角出发,分析知识付费的来路。分析表明知识付费主要来源当下社会环境、互联网的发展以及中产阶级的崛起。在此基础上本文为知识付费未来的发展提出了几点探索性的建议。

关键词： 高等教育学   知识属性   价值取向   发展路径  

摘要： 高等教育知识的自然性使其本身具备不以人意志而改变的形式与结构,从而保证高等教育知识在历时维度中传习的稳定性与可理解性。高等教育学知识的社会性指向其本身作为一种社会性建构,这种社会性建构来自学者与生俱来的求知欲与好奇心。高等教育学知识的经济性是指它能够作为一种资源而产生经济效益。高等教育学知识的特质决定自身的价值取向。为了使高等教育学知识获得学术共同体一致性的理解与认可,它不断向科学化道路迈进。为更好释放高等教育学知识的功能,它既满足更多利益相关者的需求与期待,也具备一种本土化的价值关怀。高等教育学不论作为一个独立学科,还是研究领域,从知识发展角度,高等教育学需要面向真实情景,促进人文与理性融合,利用集群方法完善自身知识架构。

关键词： 新型农业经营主体   农业社会化服务   农业社会化服务需求  

摘要： 文章基于重庆市204个农业企业、农民合作社、家庭农场及专业大户等新型农业经营主体的抽样调查,分析了重庆市新型农业经营主体的农业社会化服务需求程度,得出绝大多数(77.9%)新型农业经营主体需要专业化的服务组织为其提供农业社会化服务。鉴于此,提出农业社会化服务供应应该充分考虑其需求,才能更好的为新型农业经营主体提供服务。

关键词： Systemic lupus erythematosus   cognition   health-related quality of life   quality of life   health status   social role participation  

摘要： Introduction At least 38% of patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) experience cognitive impairment (CI). Patients report CI impacts their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and social role participation. Objectives To synthesize and critically appraise the quantitative literature on the relationship of CI to HRQoL and social role participation in individuals with SLE. Methods Six electronic databases were searched in December 2018 and June 2020 by an information specialist. Two reviewers independently completed all screening phases and data extraction;a third reviewer resolved disagreements. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to critically appraise the quality of included studies. Data has been synthesized and analyzed descriptively to present evidence on the relationship of CI to HRQoL and social role participation. Results A total of 7182 references were identified and screened, with 14 articles included. Four of the included articles investigated the relationship between CI and HRQoL and all identified a negative relationship. Ten of the 14 studies investigated CI and social role participation, eight identified a negative relationship. There was heterogeneity of measures used between studies to examine CI, HRQoL, and social role participation. As such, results were interpreted descriptively and could not be pooled for meta-analysis. Conclusion The presence of CI is negatively related to HRQoL and social role participation in patients with SLE. Healthcare professionals should be aware of this relationship so that it can be addressed in clinical practice. Further research, using consistent methods of quantifying CI, HRQoL and social role participation, is needed to enable data pooling.