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关键词： Adversarial   Journalism education   Journalists   News   Society  

摘要： A longitudinal study of U.K. journalism undergraduates records how their attitudes on societal roles of the news media changed during university education. Students became more likely to endorse an adversarial approach toward public officials and businesses as extremely important. Yet students did not support these roles as strongly as an older generation of U.K. journalists did. Students also became less likely to support the role of giving “ordinary people” a chance to express views. This may indicate a “generation gap” in attitudes that journalism educators need to understand. The authors also are concerned that the U.K. journalism workforce—now including many students from such programs—has become more socially elite. © AEJMC 2012.

关键词： Depression   Rehabilitation   Stroke  

摘要： Objectives: To (1) examine the relationships between baseline demographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics and social role functioning (SRF) at 4 months after stroke, and (2) assess whether depression improvement is associated with 4-month SRF. Design: We completed a secondary data analysis using data from a completed cohort study including people with stroke with or without depression. We used multiple linear regression to identify variables independently associated with 12-week SRF. Setting: Hospital and patients' homes. The intervention was via phone calls. Participants: People with a new stroke recruited during the inpatient stay (N=371, depressed only n=176). All survived an ischemic stroke, were 18 years and older, spoke and understood English, owned a telephone, had no severe language or cognitive impairments, and were expected to live at least 6 months. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: We measured depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and depression improvement was defined by a 50% decrease in PHQ-9 scores from baseline to 12 weeks or a 12-week PHQ-9 score <10. SRF was measured with the social domain of the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale. Results: Depression and comorbidities were found to be independently associated with 12-week SRF. Importantly, depression response (or depression improvement) was the only variable to independently predict SRF in the depressed-only group. Conclusions: Among stroke survivors with depression, improvement of that depression was independently associated with improved SRF. This is a reminder of the importance for rehabilitation providers to screen for and treat poststroke depression. (c) 2012 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine

关键词： Southwest US   Violence   Perimortem Trauma   Hobbling   Torture  

摘要： Violent interaction as a form of non-verbal communication has three distinct actors: aggressors, victims and witnesses. Social identities of individuals within these groups are negotiated and enforced through performative violence such as hobbling or torture. Sacred Ridge site is a habitation site occupied during the Pueblo I period, sometime between AD 710 and 825. An assemblage consisting of 14,882 bone commingled fragments representing at least 33 individuals was discovered during excavation. The hobbling of some individuals in the form of blows to the ankle is suggested by damage to the lateral and medial areas of the calcaneus. Torture in the form of blows to the bottoms of feet is evidenced by damage to the plantar surfaces of various other foot bones. These performative acts might have formed the basis for social control of victims and witnesses by aggressors. Taphonomic analysis of human remains can be used to examine behaviors of each group creating the assemblage. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： “蚊族”   社会分层   社会流动  

摘要： "蚁族"群体尴尬的生活现状倍受关注,本文分别从对"蚁族"概念的界定,试图勾勒这个特殊社会群体窘迫的现实社会图景,并分别从社会分层及社会流动的视角,动静态结合分析"蚁族"存在的社会原因及这一群体的发展困境。

关键词： 社会分层   冲击效应   分层压力   政策选择  

摘要： 本文从日常生活视角出发,研究社会分层对大众的影响。文章在社会分层量化效应的基础上,从层距性、时间性、结构性3个维度,构建社会分层冲击效应分析模型,并以此为基础,简要分析了政策选择所导致的社会分层对大众心理的冲击性影响。这些政策在构建现有社会分层模式中的作用各有不同,以收入分配政策、房产政策为代表的分配政策,不仅扩大了社会分层的层距性,而且时间过程很短;医疗政策、教育政策为代表的民生政策不仅没能缩小差距,反而堵塞了社会向上流动的通道;户籍制度为代表的身份政策则在社会流动中形成壁垒。各项政策造成的冲击效应叠加,重塑了大众的社会心理结构和现实行动选择。

关键词： 体育锻炼   社会分层   现象   机制  

摘要： 从结构的视角出发对体育锻炼中分层现象进行了分析,并利用CHNS2006数据实证了体育锻炼的分层机制。通过分析得出如下结论:1)总体而言,我国居民体育锻炼行为中存在着显著的社会分层现象;2)体育锻炼分层形成既有个体因素的影响也有社会结构因素的影响;3)体育锻炼行为存在着显著的性别差异、城乡差异,在年龄和婚姻状态上也存在差异;4)年龄与体育锻炼之间呈现U型关系,已婚群体的体育锻炼显著地比未婚群体降低,说明了中国中青年的体育锻炼的时间和机会受到了"家庭生活"和"职业生涯"的双重挤压;5)通过对城乡模型的比较,发现农村与城市存在不同的分层机制。并指出农村群众体育的矛盾不仅有体育资源严重短缺,还存在体育资源被少数阶层所垄断以及由此产生的体育锻炼的不公平问题。社会分层将是现在乃至未来认识和分析体育社会不平等结构的重要视角,其中的许多问题值得进一步深入分析和探讨。

关键词： 天津滨海新区   皮革染料   龙头企业   企业发展   社会角色   皮革行业   社会责任   津南区  

摘要： 在美丽的天津滨海新区——津南区,坐落着一家生产高档皮革染料的专业制造公司——天津胜达瑞泰化工有限公司（以下简称胜达瑞泰）。胜达瑞泰创建至今已经走过24年的历程,从一家乡镇企业发展成为年生产高档环保＂皮革染料＂4000t的龙头企业。企业历经20多年的发展,天津胜达瑞泰以惊人的速度快速成长,在皮革行业皮化界扮演着重要的社会角色,始终把尊重环境、尊重人类和承担社会责任的义务作为企业发展的原则。

关键词： 社会分层   剩女   权利   声望   财富  

摘要： 相关数据显示,北京"剩女"已突破了50万,而这仅仅是保守数据。《海峡时报》一篇文章称北京剩女数量已达80万,创世界之最。心理学研究发现,相对于"剩男"来讲",剩女"要承受更大的压力,也更容易遭遇心理危机,因为她们年过28岁就算"剩"了,而男性可以被容忍到35岁。

关键词： 责任教育   品德养成   大学生   社会角色   思想引导   行为规范   机制约束   责任能力  

摘要： 大学生责任教育涉及思想引导、行为规范、机制约束等多个方面．提高大学生责任教育的实效性，有利于大学生的品德养成．引导大学生在学习、生活乃至走向工作岗位以后．根据个人社会角色和责任能力，认真履行对自身、他人和社会的责任与义务．自觉接受和承担各种任务．模范遵守社会规范．摆正自身位置．在掌握知识和技能的同时，把“做人”与“处事”真正统一起来。做一个对社会有责任感的人。

关键词： 健康   国家最高科学技术奖   社会角色   科学健康观   心理健康  

摘要： 引入"成长尖端统计学"的思路,以国家最高科学技术奖获得者群体作为研究对象,探索健康的规律。认为积极的人生态度、文理兼具的完整知识体系、高尚的道德情操、良好的人文素养、健康社会角色的成功扮演是现代健康的重要基础。国家最高科学技术奖获得者表现出的健康特征和规律,对现代人达到健康具有极强的示范和引领作用。