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关键词： 组织学   新疆维吾尔族   高等教育分流   社会分层流动  

摘要： 随着社会开放程度的逐步提高,社会各阶层间流动速度加快,学校教育成为影响社会分层流动的众多因素之一。知识经济时代的到来,高等教育分流对社会分层流动的影响日益增强,对于少数民族来说,通过高等教育实现向上的社会流动,成为一条重要而有效的途径。基于此,本文探讨了高等教育分流对新疆维吾尔族社会分层流动的影响因素。

关键词： 学习动机激发   幸福感   价值感   人生轨迹   文化程度   社会角色   家庭背景   父母  

摘要： 一个人从出生开始,就在学习中成长。尚未懂事前的人生靠父母家人帮忙规划,多数父母会将养和育并进,而文化程度不高的父母如果有心育儿,也会通过多种渠道帮助孩童规划和思考相应的人生轨迹,一些责任心不到位的父母则会较少关注如何育儿,而是任其发展。因而,不同家庭背景造就的孩子在生活中会呈现不同的社会角色。

关键词： 职业定位   未来社会角色   可拓学逻辑  

摘要： 鉴于多年上课咨询经验,大学生职业规划中职业定位的困难可另辟蹊径来解决,从而打通学生丰富而又深刻的情感体验,激发学生的自我造化能力,以便以一种可以更容易体验与理智的方式进行职业的自我定位,对大学生未来社会角色自我定位加以了可拓学的逻辑研究。

关键词： Seniorentrepreneurship   Enterprisingself   Criticalgerontology   Inequalities   Policy narratives  

摘要： The purpose of the paper is to explore how policy narratives in European policy documents frame the image and role of a senior entrepreneur. This article includes a critical assessment of policy texts in two policy frameworks of European Union and OECD, namely: the active ageing framework and the inclusive entrepreneurship framework. The aim of this paper is to address two research questions: How is senior entrepreneurship framed in the European policies? What are the narratives of exclusion and inclusion construed in the European policies on senior entrepreneurship? Using the theoretical perspective of enterprising self and critical gerontology, the paper identifies two major narrations within which the mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion operate: the hegemonic model of a senior entrepreneur and the economization of the model of senior entrepreneurship, with two sub-themes: the growth paradigm and the concept of entrepreneurial success. The recommendation for the future research and policy makers proposed in this paper is a more systematic development of life course sensitive policies with a more suitable mix of diverse approaches which would deescalate the existing inequalities.

关键词： Chile   Obesity   Gender identity   Social class   Social environment  

摘要： Obesity in Chile disproportionately affects women of low socioeconomic status (SES). Research has shown that ideals of body size and differences in perceived social pressure for being slim across socioeconomic strata contribute to the social stratification of body size among women in modern societies. Thinness is most valued by high SES women, following western standards of Ideal body size. Aiming to understand the link between ideals of body size and SES, this qualitative study explored how 36 Chilean women construct their bodily ideals according to their social position. A purposive sample of women with different profiles with regard to educational attainment, nutritional status and body size (dis)satisfaction was defined, aiming to cover a diverse spectrum of bodily perceptions. Data were collected through semi structured interviews and approached through a thematic and narrative analysis. Drawing on Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, field, capital and embodiment of the social context, this study explains how ideals of body size and appearance are strongly linked to class-dependent gender roles and social roles. The existing gender and class inequalities in the Chilean social structure have been literally embodied by these women through a 'gendered class habitus'. Compliance with the thin ideal confers women different degrees of power according to their social position in different fields, such as in marriage and on the labour market, which turns thinness into an embodied form of capital. The societal dynamic behind obesity rates cannot be disregarded when approaching possible solutions. Promoting obesity-related lifestyle modification at an individual level might appear an over-simplistic and individualistic approach to a complex social issue. Context-oriented interventions that take cultural constructions of gender and social class into account might yield better results in the long term, while advocating for a more equitable society and social justice as a publi

关键词： Fear of violence   Fear of crime   Armed conflict   War   Nepal   Asia   Gender  

摘要： This article investigates the prevalence and determinants of fear as a consequence of living through armed conflict. We use survey data from Nepal during the armed conflict (1996-2006) to examine how trauma, sex and gender, age, marriage, and household size affect fear of violence. We also disaggregate types of worry, and find substantial variance on whether respondents were more concerned about livelihood consequences of conflict than physical danger. We supplement quantitative analyses with discussion of in-depth interviews from the study area on these same topics. Overall, our results highlight the enduring impact of gender roles in Nepal and that conflict might disproportionately affect those who are already vulnerable and have greater social responsibilities. This article provides a unique comparison between fear of violence during armed conflict in a low-income country to the fear of crime literature based in high-income countries.

关键词： 社会角色   幼儿园   园本培训   保育员   角色焦虑   幼儿心理   疏导机制  

摘要： 据调查,《2010年中国大学生就业报告》中曾公布,毕业生半年内离职率达到38%,3年内平均工作单位数为2.0个,职场新人换职现象的根本原因之一是职场新人从学生角色向职业人角色转换中出现了心理纠结,试图用换工作来解决自己的就业适应问题,这种情况幼儿园新入职教师中也存在。为此幼儿园管理者经常感到新教师在入职1~3年内有就职焦虑感和职业不忠诚心理。其实,入职期的新教师有一些职业适应困境并不可怕,只要管理者和新教师能够理性看待这个问题,便能够找到解决问题的良好策略。