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关键词： Antimicrobial resistance   Antibiotic use   Primary care   Blomarker testing   C-reactive protein point-of-care testing   Social research   Qualitative research   Thailand  

摘要： New and affordable point-of-care testing (POCT) solutions are hoped to guide antibiotic prescription and to help limit antimicrobial resistance (AMR) especially in low- and middle-income countries where resource constraints often prevent extensive diagnostic testing. Anthropological and sociological research has illuminated the role and impact of rapid point-of-care malaria testing. This paper expands our knowledge about the social implications of non-malarial POCT, using the case study of a C-reactive-protein point-of-care testing (CRP POCT) clinical trial with febrile patients at primary-care-level health centres in Chiang Rai province, northern Thailand. We investigate the social role of CRP POCT through its interactions with (a) the healthcare workers who use it, (b) the patients whose routine care is affected by the test, and (c) the existing patient-health system linkages that might resonate or interfere with CRP POCT. We conduct a thematic analysis of data from 58 purposively sampled pre- and post-intervention patients and healthcare workers in August 2016 and May 2017. We find widespread positive attitudes towards the test among patients and healthcare workers. Patients' views are influenced by an understanding of CRP POCT as a comprehensive blood test that provides specific diagnosis and that corresponds to notions of good care. Healthcare workers use the test to support their negotiations with patients but also to legitimise ethical decisions in an increasingly restrictive antibiotic policy environment. We hypothesise that CRP POCT could entail greater patient adherence to recommended antibiotic treatment, but it could also encourage riskier health behaviour and entail potentially adverse equity implications for patients across generations and socioeconomic strata. Our empirical findings inform the clinical literature on increasingly propagated point-of-care biomarker tests to guide antibiotic prescriptions, and we contribute to the anthropological and soc

摘要： ObjectiveParticipation in society of persons with chronic diseases receives increasing attention. However, little is known about which components of participation are most relevant to life satisfaction. This study examines the association between several aspects of social role participation and satisfaction with life (SWL) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) compared to population controls. MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, participants completed the Social Role Participation Questionnaire (SRPQ) and SWL scale. The SRPQ assesses several dimensions of participation (importance, satisfaction with performance, and satisfaction with time and physical difficulty) in 11 roles representing 3 domains (interpersonal relations, leisure, and work). For individuals with AS and controls, the association between role domains and SWL was examined using linear regression for each participation dimension separately, in the total and the employed population, adjusting for age, sex, education, and income. ResultsA total of 246 AS patients (mean SD age 51 +/- 12 years, 62% males, mean +/- SD disease duration 17 +/- 12 years) and 510 controls (mean +/- SD age 42 +/- 15 years, 70% males) were included. AS patients were more frequently (extremely) dissatisfied with life (17.9% versus 8.6%;P < 0.05). In the total and the employed population, less physical difficulty and higher satisfaction with interpersonal relations and leisure were associated with higher SWL, and this was somewhat stronger in patients than in controls (P < 0.1). In employed controls, but not in employed patients, satisfaction with work was independently associated with SWL. ConclusionThese findings highlight the importance of supporting persons with AS in ameliorating social role participation, particularly in areas like close relationships and leisure activities, which are typically ignored when treating AS.

关键词： 历史使命感   社会角色   使命意识  

摘要： 大学生历史使命感教育是思想政治教育中的一项重要内容,也是其成长成才的关键。大学生处于改革开放的繁荣时期,在父母的照料下,生活优越,但由于自身对社会角色不明确,自我责任意识缺失,家庭环境及学校教育,社会的负面因素,造成大学生历史使命感的缺失,针对这些问题,从社会、学校、家庭及大学生个人方面分析问题的现状及产生的原因,为解决大学生历史使命感的缺失提出应对措施。

关键词： 智库   属性   公共政策研究   社会角色   智囊机构   智力支持   非营利性   公共性  

摘要： 作为立足于公共政策研究上的智囊机构这一社会角色，智库的根本目的在于提供公共性的智力支持。从这个意义上来说，智库最重要的属性就是中介性、公共性、独立性和非营利性。

关键词： 体育管理   少数民族省区   社会学因素   广西  

摘要： 运用文献资料法等,以广西为考察对象,分析少数民族省区体育发展的制约因素。结论:少数民族省区体育发展经历了4个特征明显的阶段,发展进程受政治、经济、文化、教育、民族人口等社会学因素制约。政治导向差异制约其走向与平衡,经济实力不足制约其规模与质量,文化融冲复杂制约其特色与转型,教育落后不均制约其体教公平与协同,民族人口多杂贫制约其体育人口数量与质量。提出政府与社会联手推进民族省区体育协调发展的5点建议。

关键词： 社会福利   社会分层   社会弱势群体  

摘要： 清代呼和浩特地区形成了基于权力和地位差异的社会分层结构,旗人、蒙古人和民人因所处社会地位的不同,过着截然不同的生活。三个阶层中的弱势群体,即妇女、儿童和老人也因身份和地位的差异导致所能获得的社会福利存在巨大差距,形成了社会福利分层。社会福利分层的实质是社会分层在民生和福利领城的一种表现形式,会进一步强化已有的社会分层结构,扩大社会阶层之间的不平等与矛盾。清代呼和浩特不同社会分层的社会福利差异,还体现于社会福利的资金来源存在差别,旗人和蒙古人的社会福利资金来源于政府拨款和政策扶持,民人的社会福利资金来源于社会捐款。因资金来源的稳定性和充足性存在较大的差异,造成福利保障水平的显著差异。清代呼和浩特社会福利的民族差异造成了社会不公和社会矛盾,当今民族地区社会福利制度的建设与完善应当从中汲取教训,避免重蹈历史覆辙。

关键词： 老年教育   实践   社区   文化知识   正式教育   继续社会化   老年人   社会角色  

摘要： 老年教育的意义：有利于实现老年人的继续社会化,使他们更顺利地适应退休生活和新的社会角色;增长文化知识,使未受过正式教育的老年人有机会学习文化知识,使已受过正式教育的老年人的文化知识得到更新;掌握新的技术、技能,使那些身体健康并有重新就业愿望的老年人获得重新就业的能力和条件。

关键词： 角色游戏   性别意识   社会角色  

摘要： 幼儿期是幼儿对性别意识养成和角色分辨的重要时期，借助角色游戏的方式可以帮助幼儿建立正确的性别认识观念和形成性别意识。此外，角色游戏还可以很好地开发幼儿的智力，有利于优秀人格的养成，对现代幼儿园教育具有重要意义。

关键词： 拒绝搬迁   群体性事件   相对剥夺感   社会心理学   社会分层  

摘要： 随着社会的发展,城市改造进程的加快,拆迁问题频发,甚至演化成群体性事件。本研究通过对云南省昆明市黄瓜营小区拒绝搬迁住户为期一年半的跟踪研究,采用解释现象学分析来探析黄瓜营小区住户拒迁行为如何从个人行为演变成群体性事件,并提出相应的解决措施。最终得出以下结论:黄瓜营小区住户拒绝搬迁从个人行为演变成群体性事件的影响因素主要有三个,其中相对剥夺感是原动力,满意度下降是催化剂,群体认同和集体效能感提供了实践的可能性。并就政府、开发商如何在潜伏期减少相对剥夺感、提高政府满意度、关注住户心理,以减少群体性事件的出现提出措施建议。

关键词： 大众传播   知识社会学   历史性   意识形态  

摘要： 早期传播学采取了自然科学的姿态为大众传播下了各种定义,然而这些定义有两个共同特点:其一是它们共同忽视大众传播所处的社会框架;其二是它们忽视大众传播更为抽象的技术座架。因而这些定义不具有现实意义,也不具有继续深入探索的潜力。批判的社会学从各种角度生动地描述了当代资本主义社会与大众传播的关系,但多少忽视了作为技术的大众传播为何能嵌入这种社会框架原因。采用技术的知识社会学视角,可以帮助我们时间、空间、权力关系等维度揭示大众传播的历史性与意识形态性。