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关键词： 社会建构   符号互动论   祭祀   文化道具  

摘要： "生有所养,死有所葬",中国人历来重视丧葬文化,尤其是在传统的农村地区,丧葬仪式仍旧是村庄内部的公共事件,具有重要的社会意义。社会建构论则强调研究社会问题的过程,注重对社会生活的过程的研究以及对社会行动的意义阐释。因此,文章以社会建构论为研究视角,在陕西关中地区某村的田野调查的基础上,对葬礼祭祀中的社会价值与文化意义进行研究。

关键词： 农村孩子   教育公平   社会分层   家庭资本   代际流动   城乡差异  

摘要： 教育作为影响社会流动的重要机制,是农村孩子突破阶层壁垒,实现向上流动的重要保障途径。教育公平是社会公平的重要基础,"努力让每个孩子都享有公平而有质量的教育"是新时代中国特色社会主义教育理论体系的要义。当下,我国教育发展短板主要集中在农村、边缘及贫困地区。国内学者围绕"教育公平"从不同视角揭示了农村孩子在向上流动中面临的教育机会不平等。文章主要通过检索国内与教育公平相关的文献,根据研究视角和内容制定研究框架;从教育起点不平等、教育过程不平等和教育结果不平等的纵向发展维度出发,以研究综述的范式对国内外现有研究观点、结论进行分类汇总;以期揭示当下农村孩子在向上流动过程中面临的教育不公平问题,为我国教育事业的发展提供现实材料。

关键词： 家庭式   音乐教育   社会功能  

摘要： 为了探究家庭式钢琴辅助教学在音乐教育发展中所处的社会地位,文章从家庭式钢琴辅助教学的社会音乐商品论、社会音乐传播论以及音乐从职人员的职业论三个方面进行探讨,以期促进音乐教育健康发展。

关键词： 农村   社会分层   社会结构  

摘要： 根据对村庄的实际调查,认为农村社会阶层构成复杂,阶层分化不明晰、不平衡,且呈现贫富分化现象,为使农村社会阶层结构向良性方向转变,促进农村社会和谐稳定,需要提出相应的措施,如进一步改革城乡二元体制、加大对农村经济的政策支持力度、提高农民的社会地位和职业声望、加大对农村教育的政策倾斜、提升基础教育能力等。

关键词： 音乐社会学   音乐基础教育   双向影响分析   大众文化   社会主义核心价值观  

摘要： 兴盛的文化是国家和民族强盛的支撑,音乐作为与人民群众生活息息相关的大众文化之一,不仅是社会经济和文化发展的时代产物,同时对社会的发展具有重要的潜在影响,音乐与社会的双向影响关系是音乐社会学的研究重点。本文在音乐社会学理论视域下,阐述理解音乐与社会的双向关系,发掘现代社会需要的音乐形式,探究中国音乐基础教育承载的音乐社会学意义,阐述音乐基础教育在促进社会发展、促进大众的审美能力、创造能力提升和树立科学社会主义核心价值观等方面发挥的重要作用。

关键词： 信仰观   社会角色  

摘要： '人在干,云在看'5G技术,可以将万物在即时状态下互相联接起来;也可以将人的行为,在即时状态下互相联接起来。在这种条件下,世界就会嬗变为一个有机整体。此时,云计算、大数据与人工智能,将会发挥巨大作用。人们常说:'人在干,天在看''举头三尺有神明'。

关键词： 新闻报道   公信力   社会学方法   定量研究   质性研究  

摘要： 提升新闻报道的可信度,是媒体无法回避的必修课。社会学研究方法对提高新闻报道可信度具有一定的借鉴意义。本文分别从预先考察、样本数据和因果机制三个方面加以论述。

关键词： dysthymic-type depression   hikikomori   major depressive disorder   melancholic-type depression   premorbid personality  

摘要： Aim Understanding premorbid personality is important, especially when considering treatment selection. Historically, the premorbid personality of patients with major depression in Japan was described as Shuchaku-kishitsu [similar to Typus melancholicus], as proposed by Shimoda in the 1930s. Since around 2000, there have been increased reports in Japan of young adults with depression who have had premorbid personality differing from the traditional type. In 2005, Tarumi termed this novel condition 'dysthymic-type depression,' and more recently the condition has been called Shin-gata/Gendai-gata Utsu-byo [modern-type depression (MTD)]. We recently developed a semi-structured diagnostic interview to evaluate MTD. Development of a tool that enables understanding of premorbid personality in a short time, especially at the early stage of treatment, is desirable. The object of this study was to develop a self-report scale to evaluate the traits of MTD, and to assess the scale's psychometric properties, diagnostic accuracy, and biological validity. Methods A sample of 340 participants from clinical and community settings completed measures. Psychometric properties were assessed with factor analysis. Diagnostic accuracy of the MTD traits was compared against a semi-structured interview. Results The questionnaire contained 22 items across three subscales, thus we termed it the 22-item Tarumi's Modern-Type Depression Trait Scale: Avoidance of Social Roles, Complaint, and Low Self-Esteem (TACS-22). Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity were all satisfactory. Among patients with major depression, the area under the curve was 0.757 (sensitivity of 63.1% and specificity of 82.9%) and the score was positively correlated with plasma tryptophan. Conclusion The TACS-22 possessed adequate psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy in an initial sample of Japanese adults. Additional research on its ability to support clinical assessment of MTD is wa

关键词： caregiver   Parkinson's disease   quality of life   social roles  

摘要： Objectives Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that often impedes activities of daily living (ADL) and social functioning. Impairment in these areas can alter social roles by interfering with employment status, household management, friendships, and other relationships. Understanding how PD affects social functioning can help clinicians choose management strategies that mitigate these changes. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods systematic review of existing literature on social roles and social functioning in PD. A tailored search strategy in five databases identified 51 full-text reports that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and passed the quality appraisal. We aggregated and analyzed the results from these studies and then created a narrative summary. Results Our review demonstrates how PD causes many people to withdraw from their accustomed social roles and experience deficits in corresponding activities. We describe how PD symptoms (eg, tremor, facial masking, and neuropsychiatric symptoms) interfere with relationships (eg, couple, friends, and family) and precipitate earlier departure from the workforce. Additionally, several studies demonstrated that conventional PD therapy has little positive effect on social role functioning. Conclusions Our report presents critical insight into how PD affects social functioning and gives direction to future studies and interventions (eg, couple counseling and recreational activities).