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关键词： Sickle cell disease   Mortality   Opioids   Epidemic  

摘要： According to the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) database, the total number of deaths due to opioid overdose from 1999 through 2018 was 840,629. Given the alarming nature of these statistics, patients who requested prescription for opioids became targets of suspicion and possible accusation of maladaptive behavior. Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) were often not exempt from such accusations and became guilty by association. In order to clarify the effect of opioids on the mortality of patients with SCD, the mortality rates for children and adults with SCD were investigated using the CDC Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) Multiple Cause of Death database which is based on all the death certificates issued in the USA from 1999 to 2018. The data showed that 15,765 patients with SCD died from 1999 to 2018. Only 348 patients with SCD died due to opioids. The CDC database contains 27 categories of death based on ICD-10 codes in patients with SCD, and opioids were the 19th ranking cause of death. Surprisingly the most common causes of death of patients with SCD included circulatory, infection, respiratory, genitourinary, and vaso-occlusive crises/acute chest syndrome disorders in decreasing frequency. The mean age of death of females was 41.9 years and of males 39.3 years (p < 0.0001). Death due to SCD and death due to SCD and opioids were highest in the Southern Region of the USA.

关键词： single molecule force spectroscopy   AFM   MHC-I clustering   cancer cells   nanomechanical properties  

摘要： The activation of the T cell mediated immune response relies on the fine interaction between the T cell receptor on the immune cell and the antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the membrane surface of antigen-presenting cells. Both the distribution and quantity of MHC/peptide complexes and their adequate morphological presentation affect the activation of the immune cells. In several types of cancer the immune response is downregulated due to the low expression of MHC-class I (MHC-I) molecules on the cell's surface, and in addition, the mechanical properties of the membrane seem to play a role. Herein, we investigate the distribution of MHC-I molecules and the related nanoscale mechanical environment on the cell surface of two cell lines derived from colon adenocarcinoma and a healthy epithelial colon reference cell line. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) force spectroscopy analysis using an antibody-tagged pyramidal probe specific for MHC-I molecules and a formula that relates the elasticity of the cell to the energy of adhesion revealed the different population distributions of MHC-I molecules in healthy cells compared to cancer cells. We found that MHC-I molecules are significantly less expressed in cancer cells. Moreover, the local elastic modulus is significantly reduced in cancer cells. We speculate that these results might be related to the proven ability of cancer cells to evade the immune system, not only by reducing MHC-I cell surface expression but also by modifying the local mechanical properties affecting the overall morphology of MHC-I synapse presentation to immune cells.

关键词： 公路桥梁工程   伸缩缝   质量技术   控制分析  

摘要： 公路桥梁的发展是我国社会经济和科学技术发展的基础和关键,尤其是近几年我国经济发展速度和质量都在不断提高,国家和政府对公路桥梁的质量要求也不断提高。这样的高速发展模式对公路工程建设质量提出了更高的要求,对于公路桥梁工程来说,车载量以及气候的变化等都会对公路造成一定程度上地破坏。因此,添加伸缩缝能够在一定程度上加固公路桥梁工程。

关键词： 市政道路   伸缩缝   施工技术  

摘要： 目前,在我国的现代化城市建设设计工作中,城市中的市政道路规划建设设计是其中十分重要内容,但是在整个市政道路的实际建设设计工作中,伸缩缝的设计施工技术质量会直接影响整个市政道路的交通质量和日常使用性能,所以必须对道路伸缩缝的设计施工过程技术的质量问题进行统计分析,对于道路伸缩缝处的施工技术工作也要进行监督管理,提高道路伸缩缝处的施工技术质量。本文针对我国城市高速道路的交通伸缩缝整体施工的相关技术的问题进行深入的探讨,对道路伸缩缝整体施工技术工作方法进行深入研究,提高伸缩缝的整体施工技术质量和使用性能。除此之外,伸缩缝技术的广泛应用对促进我国经济的发展有着重要的意义和价值。