教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： Diffusion-Weighted Imaging   OPSCC   PET   MRI   HPV   Tumor response   Primary tumor   SUVmax   TLG   MTV  

摘要： Objectives: To determine the feasibility of pre-treatment primary tumor FDG-PET and DWI-MR imaging parameters in predicting HPV status and the second aim was to assess the feasibility of those imaging parameters to predict response to therapy. Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed primary tumors in 33 patients with proven OPSCC. PET/MRI was performed before and 6 months after chemo-radiotherapy for assessing treatment response. PET Standardized uptake value (SUVmax), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from pre-treatment measurements were assessed and compared to the clinicopathological characteristics (T stages, N stages, tumor grades, HPV and post-treatment follow up). HPV was correlated to the clinicopathological characteristics. Results: ADCmean was significantly lower in patients with HPV+ve than HPV-ev, (P = 0.001), cut off value of (800 +/- 0.44*10-3mm2/s) with 76.9% sensitivity, and 72.2% specificity is able to differentiate between the two groups. No significant differences were found between FDG parameters (SUVmax, TLG, and MTV), and HPV status, (P = 0.873, P = 0.958, and P = 0.817), respectively. Comparison between CR and NCR groups;ADCmean, TLG, and MTV were predictive parameters of treatment response, (P = 0.017, P = 0.013, and P = 0.014), respectively. HPV+ve group shows a higher probability of lymph nodes involvement, (P = 0.006) Conclusion: Our study found that pretreatment ADC of the primary tumor can predict HPV status and treatment response. On the other hand, metabolic PET parameters (TLG, and MTV) were able to predict primary tumor response to therapy.

关键词： Primary Stem and Progenitor Cells   Human Cartilage   Morphological assessment  

关键词： Lymphoma   Larynx   Supraglottis  

摘要： INTRODUCTION: Primary lymphoma of the larynx is extremely rare, representing less than 1% of all primary laryngeal neoplasms. It consists mainly of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), represented particularly by diffuse large B-cell. Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, presented in larynx is a rare condition that accounts for less than 11% of all lymphomas without distinctive clinicopathologic features, as well as challenging pathologic diagnosis. CASE REPORT: We report here a case of a 64-years-old man who presented with primary lymphoma type T of the subglottic larynx. A histopathological examination of the biopsy confirmed non-Hodgkin T cell lymphoma. Given his age, he underwent chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The patient was disease-free after 18 months follow up. CONCLUSION: The clinicopathological characteristics and rational treatment of primary laryngeal lymphoma are still unclear and need to be further defined due to the paucity of this pathology. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IJS Publishing Group Ltd.

关键词： Basal insulin   GLP-1   Glycaemic control   Network meta-analysis   Semaglutide   Systematic review   Type 2 diabetes  

摘要： Introduction The relative efficacy and safety of once-daily oral semaglutide vs. injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled on basal insulin were assessed using network meta-analysis (NMA). Methods A systematic literature review (SLR) was performed to identify randomised controlled trials of GLP-1 RAs in this population. Data at 26 +/- 4 weeks were extracted for efficacy and safety outcomes feasible for the NMA: change from baseline in glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)), weight and blood pressure;HbA(1c) target levels (< 7.0% and <= 6.5%);composite endpoint;incidence of nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea. Comparators of interest were all licensed doses of dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide and once-weekly injectable semaglutide. Results The NMA included seven trials. Once-daily oral semaglutide 14 mg was associated with significantly greater HbA(1c) reductions vs. most comparators (treatment differences: - 0.42 to - 1.32%);differences vs. once-weekly injectable semaglutide (0.5 mg and 1 mg doses) were not statistically significant. Once-daily oral semaglutide 14 mg was associated with significantly greater weight reductions vs. exenatide 2 mg and lixisenatide 20 mu g (- 2.21 and - 2.39 kg respectively);non-statistically significant weight reductions in favour of once-daily oral semaglutide 14 mg were observed vs. all other comparators except once-weekly injectable semaglutide 1 mg. Similar trends were observed for the proportion of subjects achieving HbA(1c) < 7.0% and <= 6.5% and the composite endpoint. Once-daily oral semaglutide 14 mg was associated with similar odds of experiencing nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea vs. all comparators. Conclusion Once-daily oral semaglutide 14 mg, as an add-on to basal insulin, is an efficacious treatment for reducing HbA(1c) and weight and meeting glycaemic targets at 26 +/- 4 weeks. Once-daily oral semaglutide 14 mg also offers the option of

摘要： Background Mast cells play a critical role in cancer-associated immunity. We aimed to determine the predictive value of urinary mast cell mediators in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy. Methods In this prospective study, 19 patients who received immunotherapy because of NMIBC (Group 1) and 19 healthy participants (Group 2) were enrolled. Urine samples were collected to assay N-methylhistamine, histamine, and tryptase levels immediately before the first BCG instillation, immediately after the third and sixth instillations, and 4 weeks after the sixth instillation in Group 1 and at a single visit in Group 2. The changes in urinary markers because of BCC response, BCG instillation, and the presence of NMIBC were assessed. Results The average age was 56.1 +/- 10.5 years in Group 1 and 52.6 +/- 9.7 years in Group 2. Fourteen patients had high-grade Ta tumours and five had T1 tumours. While 12 patients had responded to the BCG, seven patients did not respond to the BCG. There was no correlation between mast cell mediators and BCG response. The N-methylhistamine and histamine levels significantly increased with the onset of immunotherapy, and N-methylhistamine levels significantly decreased when immunotherapy was terminated (P < .05). The pre-BCG estimated marginal mean values of N-methylhistamine were significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (P < .05). Conclusions Our study is the first to identify the changes in mast cell mediators with the onset of immunotherapy and in presence of bladder cancer. However, these mediators cannot predict patients' response to immunotherapy.

摘要： Interferon (IFN)-gamma is indispensable in the resolution of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), while the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 mediate susceptibility. A recent study found that miR155, which promotes CD4(+) Th1 response and IFN-gamma production, is dispensable in the control of Leishmania donovani infection. Here, the role of miR155 in CL caused by L. major was investigated using miR155-deficient (miR155(-/-)) mice. Infection was controlled significantly quicker in the miR155(-/-) mice than in their wild-type (WT) counterparts, indicating that miR155 contributes to the pathogenesis of CL. Faster resolution of infection in miR155(-/-) mice was associated with increased levels of Th1-associated IL-12 and IFN-gamma and reduced production of Th2- associated IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. Concentrations of IFN-gamma(+)CD8(+) T cells and natural killer cells in draining lymph nodes were significantly higher in the L. major-infected miR155(-/-) mice than in the infected WT mice, as indicated by flow-cytometry. After in vitro IFN-gamma stimulation, nitric oxide and IL-12 production were increased, IL-10 production was decreased, and parasite clearance was enhanced in L. major-infected miR155(-/-) DCs compared to those in WT DCs. Furthermore, IFN-gamma production from activated miR155(-/-) T cells was significantly enhanced in L. major-infected miR155(-/-) DCs. Together, these findings demonstrate that miR155 promotes susceptibility to CL caused by L. major by promoting Th2 response and inhibiting DC function.

关键词： dysphagia   HPV   Modified Barium Swallow   oropharyngeal cancer   TORS  

摘要： Background Data objectively evaluating acute post-transoral robotic surgery (TORS) swallow function are limited. Our goal was to characterize and identify clinical variables that may impact swallow function components 3 weeks post-TORS. Methods Retrospective cohort study. Pre/postoperative use of the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP) and Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) was completed on 125 of 139 TORS patients (2016-2019) with human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity (DIGEST) scores were retrospectively calculated. Uni/multivariate analysis was performed. Results Dysfunctional pre-TORS DIGEST scores were predictive of post-TORS dysphagia (p = 0.015). Pre-TORS MBSImP deficits in pharyngeal stripping wave, swallow initiation, and clearing pharyngeal residue correlated with airway invasion post-TORS based on PAS scores (p = 0.012, 0.027, 0.048, respectively). Multivariate analysis of DIGEST safety scores declined with older age (p = 0.044). Odds ratios (ORs) for objective swallow function components after TORS were better for unknown primary and tonsil primaries compared to base of tongue (BOT) (OR 0.35-0.91). Conclusions Preoperative impairments in specific MBSImP components, older patients, and BOT primaries may predict more extensive recovery in swallow function after TORS.

关键词： Copper foam   Condensed reflux   Nanofluids   Pool boiling heat transfer  

摘要： A closed-loop type experimental system of pool boiling heat transfer with condensed reflux in the bottom was developed to study the boiling heat transfer of copper foams in different working fluids, including deionized water, water-based Al2O3 nanofluids, ethylene glycol/deionized water mixed fluid and ethylene glycol/deionized water-based Al2O3 nanofluids. The pore densities of copper foams are 5, 30 and 60 pores per inch (PPI) and the foam thickness are 2, 4, 6 and 8 mm, while the porosity remains a fixed value of 0.9. Al2O3 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 50 nm are used in this study and their mass concentrations are 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1%. The results show that the concentrations and types of nanofluids and the structural parameters of copper foams have significant effects on the boiling heat transfer performance. Introducing the condensed reflux back to the bottom of boiling chamber can enhance the boiling heat transfer performance compared with the conventional pool boiling experimental condition. Under the current experimental settings, the gravity-capillary driven condensed reflux can offer extra liquid replenishment to the copper foam surface, improving the rewetting ability and therefore enhancing the boiling heat transfer. In addition, the scouring effect of condensed reflux can promote the bubble departure and decrease the bubble release resistance, and inhibit the deposition of nanoparticles on the heating surface.

关键词： Kif3a   myelin   oligodendrocyte   oligodendrocyte progenitor cell   primary cilia  

摘要： Primary cilia are small microtubule-based organelles capable of transducing signals from growth factor receptors embedded in the cilia membrane. Developmentally, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) express genes associated with primary cilia assembly, disassembly, and signaling, however, the importance of primary cilia for adult myelination has not been explored. We show that OPCs are ciliated in vitro and in vivo, and that they disassemble their primary cilia as they progress through the cell cycle. OPC primary cilia are also disassembled as OPCs differentiate into oligodendrocytes. When kinesin family member 3a (Kif3a), a gene critical for primary cilium assembly, was conditionally deleted from adult OPCs in vivo (Pdgfr alpha-CreER (TM):: Kif3a (fl/fl) transgenic mice), OPCs failed to assemble primary cilia. Kif3a-deletion was also associated with reduced OPC proliferation and oligodendrogenesis in the corpus callosum and motor cortex and a progressive impairment of fine motor coordination.