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关键词： 道路桥梁工程   伸缩缝   施工质量   控制策略  

摘要： 在道路桥梁工程中,伸缩缝不仅影响其使用寿命,还有与其性能密切相关,甚至会对后续道路桥梁行车安全产生影响。如果道路桥梁存在伸缩缝,则极易导致地下水通过缝隙直接进入结构内,对桥梁结构以及支座产生影响,严重时还会影响道路桥梁的使用安全。基于此,文章通过收集相关信息,主要对控制道路桥梁工程伸缩缝的意义、伸缩缝类型、质量影响因素、控制措施进行了论述,旨在为相关工作人员提供更多的参考信息。

关键词： Anabolic androgenic steroids   Primary cortical cell culture   Neurite outgrowth   Neurotoxicity   Rat  

摘要： The illicit use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) among adolescents and young adults is a major concern due to the unknown and unpredictable impact of AAS on the developing brain and the consequences of this on mental health, cognitive function and behaviour. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of supraphysiological doses of four structurally different AAS (testosterone, nandrolone, stanozolol and trenbolone) on neurite development and cell viability using an in vitro model of immature primary rat cortical cell cultures. A high-throughput screening image-based approach, measuring the neurite length and number of neurons, was used for the analysis of neurite outgrowth. In addition, cell viability and expression of the Tubb3 gene (encoding the protein beta-III tubulin) were investigated. Testosterone, nandrolone, and trenbolone elicited adverse effects on neurite outgrowth as deduced from an observed reduced neurite length per neuron. Trenbolone was the only AAS that reduced the cell viability as indicated by a decreased number of neurons and declined mitochondrial function. Moreover, trenbolone downregulated the Tubb3 mRNA expression. The adverse impact on neurite development was neither inhibited nor supressed by the selective androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, flutamide, suggesting that the observed effects result from another mechanism or mechanisms of action that are operating apart from AR activation. The results demonstrate a possible AAS-induced detrimental effect on neuronal development and regenerative functions. An impact on these events, that are essential mechanisms for maintaining normal brain function, could possibly contribute to behavioural alterations seen in AAS users.

关键词： Merkel cell carcinoma   PD-L1   IDO1   CD8   FoxP3  

摘要： The association of immune markers and clinicopathologic features and patient outcome has not been extensively studied in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). We correlated tumoral PD-L1 and IDO1 expression, and intratumoral CD8+ and FoxP3+ lymphocytes count with clinicopathologic variables, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) status, and patient outcomes in a series of 132 MCC. By univariate analyses, tumoral PD-L1 expression >1% and combined tumoral PD-L1 >1% and high intratumoral FoxP3+ lymphocyte count correlated with improved overall survival (OS) (p = 0.016, 0.0072), MCC-specific survival (MSS) (p = 0.019, 0.017), and progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.043, 0.004, respectively). High intratumoral CD8+ and FoxP3+ lymphocyte count correlated with longer MSS (p = 0.036) and improved PFS (p = 0.047), respectively. Ulceration correlated with worse OS and worse MSS. Age, male gender, and higher stage (3 and 4) significantly correlated with worse survival. MCPyV positivity correlated with immune response. By multivariate analyses, only ulceration and age remained as independent predictors of worse OS;gender and stage remained for shorter PFS. Tumoral PD-L1 expression and increased density of intratumoral CD8+ lymphocytes and FoxP+ lymphocytes may represent favorable prognosticators in a subset of MCCs. Tumoral PD-L1 expression correlated with intratumoral CD8+ and FoxP3+ lymphocytes, which is supportive of an adaptive immune response.

关键词： dairy cattle   bronchopneumonia   clinical score   clinical definition   case definition  

摘要： Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) is a worldwide multifactorial infectious disease. Antimicrobials are commonly used for treating BRD because bacteria are often involved. The clinical diagnosis of BRD is a challenge, especially in adult dairy cows, where information on this syndrome is scant. Having a definition based on consistent and reliable clinical signs would improve the accuracy of BRD diagnosis and could help to develop an optimal treatment approach by an early detection. The aim of this scoping review was to review clinical signs that could be recognized by producers in dairy cattle suffering from naturally occurring infectious respiratory disease, as reported in the literature. A review of the literature was performed for articles published between January 1, 1990 and January 1, 2020. The search of literature in English, French, and Italian languages included 2 different databases (Pubmed, https://***/;CAB abstract, https://***/publishing-products/cab-abstracts/ ). Clinical signs were categorized as follows: (1) "general manifestations of disease," which included behavioral changes or fever;(2) "alterations in respiratory function," which included clinical signs specifically associated with the respiratory tract examination;and (3) "clinical signs of other body systems," which included clinical signs related to other systems such as diarrhea or subcutaneous emphysema. The focus of the review was on clinical signs that could be monitored by animal handlers and producers. A total of 1,067 titles were screened, and 23 studies were finally included. The most common general clinical signs were increased body temperature (reported in 83% of studies, n = 19), change in feed intake (26%, n = 6), altered mentation (22%, n = 5), and decreased milk production (17%, n = 4). The alterations in respiratory function noted were nasal discharge (74%, n = 17), cough (65%, n = 15), altered respiratory dynamic or dyspnea (61%, n = 14), incr

关键词： Dermatophytosis   Trichophyton indotineae   Outbreak   India   Multiresistance  

摘要： A severe outbreak of highly virulent and multi-resistant dermatophytosis by species in the Trichophyton mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale complex is ongoing in India. The correct identity of the etiologic agent is a much-debated issue. In order to define species limits, a taxonomic study was undertaken combining molecular, morphological, and physiological characteristics as evidence of classification. Molecular characteristics show that T. mentagrophytes s. str. and T. interdigitale s. str. can be distinguished with difficulty from each other, but are unambiguously different from the Indian genotype, T. indotineae by sequences of the HMG gene. The entities were confirmed by multilocus analysis using tanglegrams. Phenotypic characters of morphology and physiology are not diagnostic, but statistically significant differences are observed between the molecular siblings. These properties may be drivers of separate evolutionary trends. Trichophyton mentagrophytes represents the ancestral, homothallic cloud of genotypes with a probable geophilic lifestyle, while T. indotineae and T. interdigitale behave as anthropophilic, clonal offshoots. The origin of T. indotineae, which currently causes a significant public health problem, is zoonotic, and its emergence is likely due to widespread misuse of antifungals.

关键词： Trabeculectomy   Optical coherence tomography   Macular nerve fiber layer   Macular ganglion cell layer   Macular inner plexiform layer   Ganglion cell complex  

摘要： Purpose The aim of this study is to compare, using optical coherence tomography (OCT), the changes in the thickness of the macular nerve fiber layer (mNFL), macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL), macular inner plexiform layer (mIPL) and peripapillary global retinal nerve fiber layer (gRNFL) (in a span of 3 years) in surgically treated eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods The medical records of 32 consecutive POAG patients who underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C, between January 2013 and December 2014, were retrospectively reviewed. Pre- and postoperative measurements of IOP and OCT were analyzed 1, 2 and 3 years after the operation. Results Among all patients, no significant changes in the thickness of the mNFL, mGCL or mIPL were found, with a significant reduction observed only in the IOP values and peripapillary gRNFL thickness during the 3-year postoperative period. In a subgroup analysis based on the preoperative peak IOPs (median value:41 mmHg), the thickness of the mNFL, mGCL and mIPL in the 3-year postoperative period increased significantly in the lower preoperative peak IOP group (IOP < 41 mmHg), whereas the macular OCT parameters in the 3-year postoperative period decreased in the higher preoperative peak IOP group. Conclusions Eyes exhibiting lesser preoperative peak IOP demonstrated greater preservation of the layer-by-layer segmented macular ganglion cell complex thickness as compared to eyes exhibiting greater preoperative peak IOP;also when the IOPs determined for the two groups in the period of follow-up were quite comparable.

关键词： Signal stability   Aerosol LIBS   Energy normalization   Analysis chamber  

摘要： Signal stability is a fundamental requirement for an analytical spectroscopic technique. An auxiliary-flow based chamber is presented for emission signal stability in aerosol laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The performance of the designed chamber was evaluated with the traditional aerosol LIBS scheme. Factors influencing optical emission including laser energy and particle size were carefully considered. Both intra-experiment and inter-experiment results exhibited excellent short-term and long-term stability of emission signals with the novel sampling scheme while traditional cross-chamber suffered 15% and 40% intensity decrease, respectively. The systematic air analysis before and after aerosol experiment determined that major cause of signal decrease in the cross-chamber was degraded optical transmission due to aerosol contamination on optical path which was eliminated in the auxiliary flow-based chamber. The proposed scheme can be used for the analysis of diverse aerosols types in various optical emission based analytical techniques.

关键词： Programmed cell death 1   Programmed death ligand 1   Breast cancer   Clinical and pathologic features   Pathologic complete response   Recurrence-free survival  

摘要： Purpose The interaction of the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells downregulates anti-tumor immunity. This study evaluated associations between PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in primary breast cancer, clinical characteristics, and patient outcomes. Methods Microarray data from the Investigation of Serial Studies to predict your therapeutic response with imaging and molecular analysis (I-SPY 1) study (n = 149) was used to evaluate PD-1 and PD-L1 expression. Associations with clinical features and chemotherapy response were determined using Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank sum tests, respectively. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) associations were determined with the Cox proportional hazard model. Associations of PD-1 and PD-L1 and selected genes associated with breast cancer, as well as a predictor of olaparib response (PARPi-7), were determined in I-SPY 1 and 2 other datasets: METABRIC (n = 1992) and TCGA (n = 817), using Pearson correlations. Results In I-SPY 1, PD-1 expression was higher in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and HER2 + breast cancer (p = 0.003), and grade 2/3 tumors (p = 0.043), and was associated with pathologic complete response (p = 0.006). PD-L1 expression in the lowest quintile was associated with worse RFS, even after subtype adjustment (HR 2.33, p = 0.01). PD-1 and PD-L1 gene expression correlated with the expression of immune-related genes and PARPi-7. Conclusions PD-1 expression is higher in breast cancers with aggressive features such as TNBC. Low PD-L1 expression may be an adverse prognostic factor. PD-1 and PD-L1 gene expression correlates with the expression of immune-related and DNA damage repair genes.

关键词： Mantle cell lymphoma   Blastoid variant   Palatine tonsil lymphoma   Waldeyer’   s ring   Head and neck lymphoma  

摘要： Head and neck lymphomas can present with a wide range of symptoms. Timely and accurate diagnosis is often challenging. The blastoid variant of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) accounts for less than one-third of all MCL cases. Isolated primary presentation on the palatine tonsils is rare, and prognosis and outcome are seemingly unfavorable. An 81-year-old man presented with persistent odynophagia, dysphagia, and obstructive hypertrophic palatine tonsils with purulent exudate. The signs and symptoms were non-responsive to antibiotic therapy, and the tonsils were biopsied. The cellular morphology, immunophenotype, and genotype supported a diagnosis of the blastoid variant of MCL. After staging, the patient underwent chemotherapy with Rituximab-Bendamustine (R-Benda). The patient is in clinical remission more than two years after therapy. We report an exceedingly rare case of blastoid MCL that is prone to be misdiagnosed as tonsillitis. We review the literature and discuss treatment options of this uncommon malignancy.

关键词： Immunological disorders   Stem-cell therapies  

摘要： A Correction to this paper has been published: https://***/10.1038/s41409-020-01175-9