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关键词： Vehicle mobility model   Discrete element method   Smoothed particle hydrodynamics   Finite element method   Vehicle dynamics   Terramechanics   Computational mechanics   Soft soil model   Tire   Tracked vehicles  

摘要： The US army along with NATO member and partner nations' militaries need an accurate software tool for predicting ground vehicle mobility (such as speed-made-good and fuel-consumption) on world-wide ter-rains where military vehicles may be required to operate. Currently, the NATO Reference Mobility Model (NRMM) is the only NATO recognized tool for assessing ground vehicle mobility. NRMM was developed from the 1960s to the 1980s and relies on steady-state empirical formulas which may not be accurate for new military ground vehicles. A NATO research task group (RTG-248) was established from 2016 to 2018 to develop the NG-NRMM (next-generation NRMM) software tool requirements and an NG-NRMM pro-totype which uses high-fidelity "simple" or "complex" terramechanics models for the terrain/soil along with modern 3D multibody dynamics software tools for modeling the vehicle. NG-NRMM Complex Terramechanics (CT) models are those that utilize full 3D soil models capable of predicting the 3D soil reaction forces on the vehicle surfaces (including tires, tracks, legs, and under body) and the 3D flow and deformation of the soil including both elastic and plastic deformation under any 3D loading condi-tion. In Part 1 of this paper, an overview of the full spectrum of terramechanics models from the highest fidelity to the lowest fidelity is presented along with a literature review of CT ground vehicle mobility models. (c) 2021 ISTVS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： AMACR   p504s   SP116   Prostatic adenocarcinoma   Immunohistochemistry  

摘要： Alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A-racemase (AMACR), also known as p504s, is overexpressed in prostatic adenocarcinoma and is frequently used in combination with basal cell markers to aid in diagnosing difficult prostate adenocarcinoma cases. In this retrospective method comparison study, we examined the sensitivity and specificity of the ready-to-use anti-p504s (SP116) Rabbit Monoclonal Primary Antibody compared to the monoclonal rabbit anti-human AMACR clone 13H4 in prostatic adenocarcinoma samples. De-identified prostatic adenocarcinoma tissue samples were stained with either the SP116 or 13H4 antibody clone in combination with the VENTANA Basal Cell Cocktail (34 beta E12+p63) and scored as positive or negative for prostatic adenocarcinoma. The scoring pathologist was blinded to the known historical diagnosis of each sample. The scoring pathologist correctly diagnosed each sample regardless of which p504s clone was used. Both assays using either clone were 100% concordant in their sensitivity and specificity. This study demonstrates that the ready-to-use anti-p504s (SP116) Rabbit Monoclonal Primary Antibody is equivalent to clone 13H4 concentrate when used according to package insert instructions in combination with the VENTANA Basal Cell Cocktail (34 beta E12+p63) to aid pathologists in the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Lymphoid cell culture   Penaeus monodon   Immortalization   H-ras oncogene   Baculovirus expression system  

摘要： Cell line development from shrimp is not a novel venture as researchers across the globe have been trying to have crustacean cell lines over 30 years. The reason for not attaining a crustacean or precisely a shrimp cell line is believed to be the replicative senescence and the inability to maintain telomere length in vitro. Moreover, spontaneous in vitro transformations do not happen in shrimp cells. Oncogenic induction in primary cell culture is one of the ways to attain in vitro transformation by way of disrupting the mechanisms which involve cellular senescence. In this context, a recombinant baculovirus with shrimp viral promoter IHHNV-P2 was used for the transduction aimed at immortalization. An oncogene, H-ras, was successfully amplified and cloned in to the baculoviral vector, downstream to shrimp viral promoter IHHNV-P2 and upstream to GFP. Recombinant baculovirus with H-ras was generated and used for transduction into shrimp lymphoid cells during early dividing stage. Accordingly, fibroblast-like primary cell culture got developed, and H-ras and GFP expression could be confirmed. The study suggests that the simple method of incubating recombinant baculovirus with minced tissue enables in vitro transduction during early dividing stage of the cells, and the transduction efficiency gets enhanced by adding 5 mM sodium butyrate to the culture medium.

关键词： Bridges   Training   Morphology   Feature extraction   Convolution   Testing   Residual neural networks   Automatic defect classification   multi-lines bridge   scanning electron microscopy   convolutional neural network   residual neural network   hierarchical structure  

摘要： Defect classifications are the very important steps as the in-line defect inspection of the semiconductor manufacturing procedure. The conventional defect classifications are usually through visual judgement by engineer or technical assistant. However, it's time-consuming and laborious. In our recent study, the artificial intelligence automatic defect classification (AI-ADC) performed promisingly good accuracy and purity (A/P) of the auto defect classification by deep learning method. Nevertheless, some kinds of tiny defects are not only suffered lower A/P issues, but also suffered bad A/P stability of real defect classification. In this work, we propose the novel method, called "Hierarchical structure AI-ADC", which introduced a second binning classifier and it's based on hierarchical clustering to achieve more precise defect classification. As a result, the proposed method shown obvious improvements to the binning purity of multi-lines bridge defect from 56% to 88% as well as the stability variation has been reduced from 55% to 22%, besides it also can be applied to classify the similar defect types efficiently. Indeed this approach achieves excellent defect classification and highly stable performance.

摘要： Objectives: To compare overall survival, progression-free survival, and complication rate for women with squamous cell cancer of the vulva treated with curative intent radiation therapy compared to primary surgery. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) members diagnosed with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva between 2008-2018 who were treated with either primary surgery (PS) or primary radiation therapy (PRT). Additional analyses were included for patients who underwent surgery alone (PS alone) vs surgery with adjuvant radiation (PS+RT). Exclusion criteria were synchronous primary cancer, palliative treatment, and lapse of KPNC membership during primary therapy. Women were identified using an internal cancer registry and variables were extracted through chart review. Bivariate analysis was completed using Kaplan Meier curves and Chi-square tests to compare 1- and 3-year overall and progression-free survival. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for age, stage (FIGO 2009), Charlson comorbidity index, and smoking status. Results: 202 women were included in the analysis. Median follow-up was 3.3 years. 59 women (29.2%) underwent PRT, of whom 47 (79.7%) received concurrent chemotherapy. 143 women (70.8%) underwent PS, of whom 33 (23.1%) received adjuvant radiation with or without chemotherapy. 83.0% of PRT patients were stage II-IV, whereas 77.6% of PS patients were stage I (p<0.0001). One- and three-year overall survival for patients who received PRT vs PS was 74.6% vs 90.9% (p=0.002) and 57.4% vs 82.0% (p=0.029), respectively. Adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of death for PRT vs PS was 1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-1.78). aHR for death or recurrence was 0.87 (CI 0.57-1.33). PS patients were additionally analyzed based on receipt of adjuvant therapy. One- and three-year overall survival for patients who received PS alone vs PS+RT was 96.4% vs 72.7% (p<0.0001) and 82% vs 50.0% (p<0.001)

关键词： Carcinogenesis   Colon cancer   Cytotoxicity   Genetic alterations   Heme iron  

摘要： Heme, a molecule abundant in red meat, is assumed to exert carcinogenic effects on normal colonic cells and tumour suppressive effects on cancer cells, though the hypothesis has not been explicitly proven yet. The present study aims to investigate hemin induced cytotoxic, genetic and biological alterations in both normal and cancerous colonic epithelial cells, which may imply its carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic properties. Normal colonic epithelial cells and colon carcinoma cells were treated with a 0-500 mu M concentration of hemin for 1-4 days following which cytotoxicity and wound healing assays, western blot, rt-PCR and cell cycle analysis were performed. Interestingly, hemin was cytotoxic to normal colonic cells, but carcinoma cells were more resistant. Cell migration potential of both normal colonic cells and colon carcinoma cells was impeded by hemin. Hemin caused upregulation of both P53 and beta-catenin gene and proteins expression in normal colonic cells with concomitant cell cycle arrest at G1(Gap 1) and G2/M (Gap 2/ Mitosis). G1 and G2 cell cycle arrests were also observed in colon carcinoma cells. In conclusion, the present study confirms that hemin, a main heme molecule present in red meat, facilitates behavioural, genetic and cell cycle kinetic alterations in both normal colonic epithelial and colon carcinoma cells.

关键词： Image recognition   Computer vision and image processing techniques   Neural nets  

摘要： The purpose of this study is to introduce efficient bio-inspired vision architectures, integrating human cognition capabilities, such as computation and memory emulating neurons and synapses, together with polarization of light properties, that would ultimately revolutionize and give rise to the next-generation highly efficient augmented intelligence vision systems. The system consists of a polarimetric dynamic vision sensor) and a spinning wheel, whose motion is externally modulated and controlled by means of a signal generator, varying its motion pattern and speed, respectively. A neural network has been designed to classify different object speeds and motion patterns. The neural network utilizes a limited number of events within a given time window, instead of full-frame images;as well as two classifiers, which practically take a single input and independently classify both its speed and motion pattern. As a result, both high computational efficiency and motion classification accuracy are achieved.

关键词： Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis   Immune-mediated liver disease   Single-cell sequencing   Atlas   T cells   Naive T cells   T(H)17 cells   Tissue residency  

摘要： Background & Aims: Little is known about the composition of intrahepatic immune cells and their contribution to the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Herein, we aimed to create an atlas of intrahepatic T cells and thereby perform an in-depth characterization of T cells in inflamed human liver. Methods: Different single-cell RNA sequencing methods were combined with in silico analyses on intrahepatic and peripheral T cells from patients with PSC (n = 11) and healthy donors (HDs, n = 4). Multi-parameter flow cytometry and functional in vitro experiments were conducted on samples from patients with PSC (n = 24), controls with other liver diseases and HDs. Results: We identified a population of intrahepatic naive-like CD4(+) T cells, which was present in all liver diseases tested, but particularly expanded in PSC. This population had a transcriptome and T cell receptor repertoire similar to circulating naive T cells but expressed a set of genes associated with tissue residency. Their periductal location supported the concept of tissue-resident naive-like T cells in livers of patients with PSC. Trajectory inference suggested that these cells had the developmental propensity to acquire a T helper 17 (T(H)17) polarization state. Functional and chromatin accessibility experiments revealed that circulating naive T cells in patients with PSC were predisposed to polarize towards T(H)17 cells. Conclusion: We report the first atlas of intrahepatic T cells in PSC, which led to the identification of a previously unrecognized population of tissue-resident naive-like T cells in the inflamed human liver and to the finding that naive CD4(+) T cells in PSC harbour the propensity to develop into T(H)17 cells. Lay summary: The composition of intrahepatic immune cells in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and their contribution to disease pathogenesis is widely unknown. We analysed intrahepatic T cells and identified a previously uncharacterized population of liver-r

关键词： Oral cancer   Routine follow-up   Postoperative surveillance   Head and neck cancer   Survivorship   Second primary tumours  

摘要： Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, location and timing of second primary tumours (SPT) after diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and relate the risk of SPT to that after head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and the risks of those tumours in the general population in order to assess the need for a separate follow-up programme for OSCC patients and to aid development of an evidence-based and individualized follow-up programme for OSCC patients. Materials and methods: All patients diagnosed with OSCC or HNSCC in the Netherlands in 1991-2015 were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Cumulative incidence rates and Standardized Incidence Ratios (SIR) were calculated. Analyses were stratified by incidence period and age at primary diagnosis of the index tumour, follow-up time, and site of the SPT. Results: We included 11263 patients with OSCC from a population of 34244 patients with HNSCC, of which the median follow-up time was 4.0 years. OSCC SPT develop in different patterns and at different locations than after HNSCC. The 5-year risk of SPT and SIR (95% confidence intervals) were respectively 0.13 (0.13-0.14) and 3.0 (2.9-3.1) for OSCC. The risk of a SPT was continuous over follow-up time and calendar period but decreased with an increasing age at diagnosis of the index tumour up to the age of 75 and there were differences in sites of SPT. Conclusion: A specific follow-up protocol for OSCC is needed, which can be individualized on the basis of, among others, age. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

摘要： Background Peritoneal metastases portend poor prognosis in the setting of standard chemotherapy. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) improves outcomes, but relapse is common. We report a phase II trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of adjuvant alpha DC1 vaccination with chemokine modulation (CKM) after CRS/HIPEC. Methods Patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC for appendiceal cancer, colorectal cancer, or peritoneal mesothelioma were enrolled. In addition to standard adjuvant chemotherapy, patients received intranodal and intradermal injections of autologous tumor-loaded alpha DC1 vaccine. After each vaccine booster, patients received CKM over 4 days, consisting of celecoxib, interferon (IFN)-alpha, and rintatolimod. Results Forty-six patients underwent CRS/HIPEC followed by alpha DC1 treatment, including 24 appendiceal primaries, 20 colorectal, and 2 mesotheliomas. DC maturation was successful, with 97% expressing HLA-DR and CD86. Tumor cell recovery from peritoneal tumors was challenging, resulting in only 17% of patients receiving the target dose of alpha DC1. The alpha DC1 and CKM regimen was well tolerated. CKM successfully modulated serum inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels. Median progression-free survival (PFS) for appendiceal primaries was 50.4, 34.2, and 8.9 months for grade 1, 2, and 3 tumors, respectively, while median PFS for colorectal cancer was 20.5 and 8.9 months for moderately and poorly differentiated tumors, respectively. Conclusions Adjuvant autologous tumor antigen-loaded alpha DC1 vaccine and CKM is well tolerated. The mucinous nature of peritoneal metastases limits the feasibility of obtaining adequate autologous tumor cells. The improvement in median PFS did not meet our predefined thresholds, leading us to conclude that alpha DC1 vaccination is not appropriate for patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC for peritoneal metastases.