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关键词： 马克思主义   流通经济学   动态分析   社会经济运行   流通功能   定量研究   流通理论   社会再生产   流通业   社会经济发展  

摘要： 《流通经济学》的第一篇,是流通原理篇,主要探讨马克思主义的有关流通思想;并以此为依据,对社会经济运行和社会经济发展之中流通的功能和地位进行抽象的一般理论分析。 此篇又分三章,前两章分别从横、纵两个方向揭示了马克思主义流通思想的理论体系,第三章则应用马克思主义流通观。

关键词： 流通经济学   信息流   物流业   现代流通   流通信息   商流   三流分立   流通过程   流通活动   物流合理化  

摘要： 在现代化大生产与大流通的不断循环过程中,流通经济是通过具体职能来完成其运行过程的。《流通经济学》第三篇“流通经济运行(下)——职能运行”,就是通过对商流、物流、信息流等具体职能这一特定角度的研究来揭示现代流通经济运行的规律及其具体运作状况的。 一、主要内容 本篇包括三章,即商流、物流、信息流,着重阐明了如下内容:

关键词： 流通经济学   问题与对策   生产资料流通   生活资料流通   运作状况   劳动力流通   运行机理   流通体制   运行规律   运行过程  

摘要： 本篇共四章,分别研究生产资料、生活资料、劳动力和货币、资本及其它综合性要素在流通经济运行过程中运行机理与具体运作状况,是从要素运作的角度揭示流通经济运行规律和运作状况的基础。

关键词： 流通经济学   社会经济运行   流通意识   流通理论   流通领域   社会主义政治经济学   我国社会主义市场经济   学术观点   意识形态   马克思主义经济理论  

摘要： 在《流通经济学》一书的导论中,作者从三个方面,结合我国实际作了剖析,并阐明了自己的观点。 针对当前我国流通意识淡薄、流通观念混乱已成为影响我国社会主义市场经济健康发展的无形障碍,作者在导论中首先就有关流通、流通行为、流通领域等基本理论方面的问题阐明了自己的观点。

关键词： 调查报告   消费行为   品牌忠诚   品牌敏感   零点   城市消费者   总体水平   城市人口   东欧国家   抽样调查  

摘要： 最近,零点公司在全球41个国家进行了一项城市人口消费行为的调查,中国部分的抽样调查在北京、上海、广州、哈尔滨、武汉及香港、台湾进行。据近日公布的调查报告显示,当前中国城市消费者消费支出趋于谨慎;消费行为受广告引导的成份较多;居民的品牌敏感度总体水平不高,但却拥有比重不低的品牌忠诚群体。调查表明,全球平均有百分之四十五的人认为现在是购物消费的好时候。

关键词： 诺贝尔经济学奖得主   诺贝尔经济科学奖   中央银行   诺贝尔奖金   经济学家   皇家科学院   世界性   瑞典   价值贡献   提供者  

摘要： 诺贝尔经济学奖,全称是“瑞典中央银行纪念艾尔费雷德·诺贝尔经济科学奖金”.这项世界性的经济学大奖是瑞典中央银行于1968年在其成立300年之际,为纪念诺贝尔奖金(1901年)提供者而设立的.

关键词： advertising   brand   generic   collusion   spillovers  

摘要： This study uses Lancaster's (1966, 1979) characteristics model of consumer theory, combined with imperfect information, to support a firm's advertising choice of a combination of brand and generic advertising. However, as consumers become well educated about a firm's product, spillovers from generic advertising become large. When spillovers are large, firms have a gn:ater incentive to collude on generic advertising. The firm's decision to include advertising collectively with its competitors will follow from its own analysis of the benefits versus the costs of such a union. The success of collective advertising may, however, depend on the control of free-riders.

关键词： 理性预期假说   皇家科学院   瑞典   北欧   卢卡斯   瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济科学奖   诺贝尔奖   诺贝尔经济学奖   理性预期理论   芝加哥大学   经济学家   经济周期论   经济周期理论   总量分析   宏观经济分析  

摘要： 瑞典皇家科学院最近宣布,美国芝加哥大学的卢卡斯教授荣获1995年诺贝尔经济学奖。卢卡斯由于他提出的经济理性预期假说的理论而获奖。瑞典皇家科学院称赞卢卡斯的这个理论“对于宏观经济分析以及关于经济政策的有关学说具有深远的影响”。 罗伯特·E·卢卡斯1937年出生于美国华盛顿的雅基马市。1959年获芝加哥大学历史学学士学位,1964年获芝加哥大学经济学博士学位。1970—1974年任卡内基—梅隆大学经济系教授,1974年至今任芝加哥大学经济系教授。1976年被吸收为美国经济计量学会会员,1978年成为《政治经济学杂志》的编辑,1979年任美国经济协会执行委员会委员,1980年以后成为美国全国科学院成员,同年被聘为美国文理研究院

关键词： Advertising   Brand Loyalty   Game Theory   Promotional Mix  

摘要： In this payer we examine the issue of balancing media advertising (pull strategy) and trade promotions (push strategy) for manufacturers of consumer packaged goods utilizing a three-stage game theoretic analysis and test model's implications with scanner panel data. We develop a model of two competing manufacturers who dir;tribute their brand to consumers through a common retailer, In the model the manufacturers directly advertise their brand to consumers and also provide trade deals to the retailer. Each manufacturer's brand has a loyal segment of consumers who buy their favorite brand unless the competing brand is offered at a much lower price by the retailer. The number of loyal consumers is different for the two brands and so is the strength of their loyalty to their favorite brand. The loyal consumers of the brand with stronger loyalty require a larger price differential in favor of the rival brand before they will switch away from their favorite brand. The manufacturers first decide advertising spending level, and then the wholesale price of their respective brands. The two manufacturers do not observe each other's decisions while making these decisions, however they do take into account how the other firm is likely to react as a function of their own decisions, Advertising directly affects the strength of loyalty a consumer has for the favorite brand, If the favorite brand advertises, the loyalty strength increases but if the rival brand advertises, it decreases The marginal effect of own versus competing brand advertising is different in magnitude. The two manufacturers provide trade deals to the retailer by discounting the brand from a regular wholesale price. The trade discounts are partially passed on to the consumers by the retailer who sets the retail prices of the two brands alter observing the wholesale prices. The retail shelf price discounts make the promoted brand more attractive to the consumers due to the reduced price differential between their

关键词： Advertising effects   Advertising information   Consideration set   Consumer welfare   Differentiating advertising   Price sensitivity   Product and brand choice  

摘要： The effect of advertising on consumer welfare has been the subject of dispute among economists, arising largely from disagreement among scholars regarding the persuasive versus the informative role of advertising. This paper reports two experiments that explore the welfare implications of advertising effects. Experiment 1 shows that the same advertisements can either increase or decrease prices paid for selected brands, depending on the degree to which the choice situation requires brands to be recalled in order to be considered. However, an increase in prices paid caused by advertising does not necessarily imply detrimental effects on consumer welfare. Experiment 2 shows that, even under circumstances in which differentiating advertising leads consumers to select brands with higher average prices, it can provide useful information to consumers that allows them to make purchases that are more in line with their personal tastes than are the choices of consumers not exposed to the advertisements.