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关键词： IGBT模块   键合线   状态监测   输出特性建模   饱和压降   XGBoost  

摘要： 绝缘栅双极晶体管（Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，IGBT）模块的可靠性对电力电子装备的安全运行至关重要。集电极-发射极饱和压降VCE（sat）随键合线脱落而增加，工程中常以电压增幅ΔVCE（sat）%达到5%作为模块失效判据。但在实际运行中，VCE（sat）易受结温Tj和集电极电流IC的影响，导致难以判断其升高是否源于键合线劣化。为此，提出一种基于输出特性建模校正集-射极电压特征参量初始值的IGBT模块键合线劣化监测方法。首先，对不同温度下模块输出特性曲线进行建模，推导出能同时考虑Tj和IC影响的VCE（sat）理论初始值计算方程，该方程可利用实时采集的Tj和IC对VCE（sat）初始值进行动态校正。在此基础上，将该方程集成至XGBoost分类器的输入端，以经初始值校正后的ΔVCE（sat）%以及同步采集的Tj、IC作为XGBoost模型的输入特征，构建用于键合线劣化监测的混合模型。最后，在Python环境下验证该混合模型的分类预测性能。结果表明，校正电压初始值能有效抑制Tj和IC对ΔVCE（sat）%的干扰，使电压增加主要归因于键合线劣化。对于800组多工况的劣化样本，所提混合模型在键合线劣化状态分类任务中达到了99.59%的准确率，并且在小训练样本下仍能保持良好性能。

关键词： 光电跟踪系统   PID控制   矢量控制   目标轨迹预测   实验教学  

摘要： 为增强高校学生综合运用多学科知识解决工程问题的能力，设计了一套运动平台光电跟踪教学实验装置。该装置利用SolidWorks软件设计机械结构，并采用QT开发框架设计PC端上位机软件。基于该实验教学装置，开发了包括人机交互、电动机三闭环控制、目标预测与跟踪控制以及隔离扰动控制等多个实验项目，涉及卡尔曼滤波算法、PID控制、自抗扰控制等理论知识。实验结果表明，该装置在系统架构、平台设计、软件开发及算法设计方面的可行性。通过使用这一教学装置，学生工程实践能力得以提升，同时也促进学生创新能力的培养。

关键词： 五电平有源中点钳位   H桥   共模电压抑制   输出电压解析式   能量函数  

摘要： 针对H桥型有源中点钳位五电平逆变器考虑死区后的输出共模电压性能难以精确定量评估及优化抑制的问题，提出了一种基于能量函数的共模电压抑制方法。首先基于双重傅里叶分析法，推导了考虑死区后的有源中点钳位五电平三相H桥共模电压谐波表达式；其次，提出了一种可表征不同载波移相角下共模电压能量的评估函数，并得到在不同载波移相角下共模电压能量函数曲线，结果表明通过选取能量函数曲线最低点对应得到的最优载波移相角能实现对共模电压的最优抑制；最后，对基于能量函数的共模电压抑制策略予以了仿真与实验验证，结果表明，所提方法能定量评估考虑死区输出共模电压情况，并可求解考虑死区有源中点钳位五电平三相H桥逆变器输出共模电压最优抑制载波移相角。本文研究结论可为考虑死区时的有源中点钳位五电平多相H桥拓扑共模电压精确评估和最优抑制提供一种解决思路。

关键词： Loop thermosyphon   IGBT   High-speed train   Mini-channel   Integrated multi-heat sources  

摘要： To solve the thermal management challenges of IGBT components in high-speed train traction converters, a loop thermosyphon system using SF-33 as the working fluid was designed. The condenser was installed on the train roof and cooled by running airflow, which reduced the power consumption of condensation-section cooling fans and improved energy efficiency. This study investigated the startup and operational characteristics of the system under varying filling ratios, heating powers, and cooling airflow rates. Experimental results indicated that the minimum startup power was 100 W. The system satisfied the cooling requirements for train IGBT modules at filling ratios of 32 %-50 %, with optimal thermal performance achieved at a 50 % filling ratio. Within this range, the maximum temperature fluctuation of IGBT-simulated heating blocks during stable operation was 2.3 degrees C, while the minimum temperature difference between heating blocks reached 8.5 degrees C. The system exhibited a minimum thermal resistance of 0.0099 degrees C/W. Under high heating power conditions (1800 W to 2100 W), prolonged operation maintained the highest average temperature of heating blocks below 75 degrees C, complying with IGBT thermal specifications while effectively dissipating a heat flux density of up to 20.13 kW/m2. Additionally, the system demonstrated minimal sensitivity to cooling airflow rate variations. This experimental system provides a novel approach and theoretical foundation for cooling IGBT components in high-speed train traction converters.

关键词： 无局放变频电源   IGBT   SPWM   变压器   感应耐压局放测试  

摘要： 文章针对传统测试电源在局放抑制和频率调节方面的不足,研究基于绝缘栅双极型晶体管(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor,IGBT)/正弦脉冲宽度调制(Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation,SPWM)技术的无局放变频电源在变压器感应耐压局放测试中的应用。通过分析IGBT高频开关特性与SPWM脉宽调制原理,设计低局放硬件架构与抗干扰控制算法,构建包含电压电流双闭环的精准控制系统。研究提出适用于变压器测试的电源参数匹配方法,结合脉冲电流法实现局放信号的实时监测与分析。实验结果表明,该电源输出电压稳定度小于等于±1%,频率调节步幅0.1Hz,局部放电量小于等于5pC,满足35kV及以下变压器感应耐压局放测试需求,相较传统电源局放抑制能力提升60%以上,为电力设备绝缘性能检测提供了高效可靠的技术方案。

关键词： Powerlink   变频器   采煤机电控系统   变频调速  

摘要： 针对当前综采工作面采煤机变频器通信总线易受干扰、进而引发控制连接稳定性不足的突出问题,提出了一种基于网络型Powerlink协议的变频器通信方法。通过设计通信协议栈和数据处理流程,使工控机能够高效、准确地接收来自变频器的状态信息并发送控制指令,实现了对采煤机运行状态的精确监控和实时调节。为了验证该方法的实际效果,进行了一系列试验。试验结果表明,相比于传统的通信方式,采用网络型Powerlink协议的变频器通信方式不仅显著提高了数据传输的速度和准确性,还有效增强了系统的抗干扰能力,即使在复杂多变的煤矿井下环境中也能保持通信连接的稳定性和可靠性,大大降低了由通信故障导致的生产中断风险。为解决综采工作面采煤机通信总线干扰问题提供了一种新颖且有效的技术途径,有望在未来的煤矿自动化、智能化进程中发挥重要作用。

关键词： 动态滑翔   气动/风能获取一体化设计   神经网络   计算流体力学   最优控制  

摘要： 动态滑翔作为一种通过穿越水平风梯度实现无动力长距离飞行的特殊飞行模式，在提升无人机航程与航时方面极具潜力。本文聚焦固定翼参数化设计，通过仿生关节结构的静态外形优化替代动态变形控制，在避免复杂机构的同时实现高效能量获取。本文通过计算不同设计参数对应的气动力结果进行分析，提出无人机气动/风能获取一体化设计方法。该方法利用神经网络实现气动力的快速求解，并以最大化获能为优化目标，利用高斯伪谱法求解最佳机翼外形，最终得到了满足高效能量获取的机翼外形。此外，本研究利用飞行仿真对比了基本翼、以最佳升阻比为目标设计的无人机和利用气动/风能获取一体化设计的无人机在进行动态滑翔时的获能效率。结果表明，以气动/风能获取一体化设计的无人机获能量与获能效率最大，相比于优化前提升了979.04%，相比于最佳升阻比设计提升了10.09%。气动/风能获取一体化设计的无人机在获能段做功提升了50%以上，验证了气动/风能获取一体化设计的可行性。提出的设计方法为突破无人机动态滑翔获能瓶颈提供了工程支撑。

关键词： DC microgrid   IGBT reliability   Junction temperature   Droop control   Consensus algorithm   Power supply reliability  

摘要： Due to differences in the heating characteristics of IGBTs in parallel DC/DC converter circuits and line resistance, varying thermal stresses cause IGBTs with higher stress to fail earlier, reducing the overall power supply reliability. In this regard, this paper proposes the coordinated control strategy of the islanded DC microgrid oriented by IGBT operation reliability balance. By adding the temperature equalization term in traditional droop control, the junction temperature of the IGBT in each parallel DC/DC converter tends to be consistent. Moreover, the IGBT reliability balance control of the islanded DC microgrid based on consensus algorithm is proposed, considering the high communication pressure under centralized control. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy was verified by jointly building the simulation model using MATLAB/Simulink and PLECS/Blockset. Finally, the IGBT lifetime damage is analyzed before and after adopting the proposed control strategy. The specific data shows that the maximum IGBT lifetime damage of traditional droop control is 0.2973, and the average IGBT lifetime damage is 0.1071. In contrast, the IGBT lifetime damage of the proposed control strategy is reduced to 0.0201, with the maximum lifetime damage and average lifetime damage reduced by approximately 93.2 % and 81.2 %.

关键词： Multi-chip IGBT modules   Junction temperature prediction   Thermal coupling effects   3D thermal network model   Experimental results  

摘要： Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) are extensively utilized in various industries due to their rapid switching capabilities and excellent high-voltage endurance. Multi-chip IGBT modules are essential components in high-power applications. However, the thermal coupling effects among chips within multi-chip IGBT modules significantly complicate accurate junction temperature prediction. To address this challenge, this study proposes an improved three-dimensional (3D) thermal network model. The model employs the finite element method to extract thermal parameters and uses an equivalent power loss approach to quantify junction temperature increases resulting from thermal coupling effects. This proposed model significantly improves the accuracy of junction temperature predictions for IGBTs. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a prediction error of only 1.27 % compared to experimental data. Additionally, the junction temperatures of the IGBTs correlate positively with the current magnitude and cold plate temperature, but negatively with the equivalent heat transfer coefficient and switching frequency. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing thermal management strategies in high-power electronic systems.

关键词： IGBT   Skived   Vapor chamber   Heat sink   CFD   Inverter thermal management  

摘要： Power electronics equipment such as MOSFETs, IGBTs, GTOs, and thyristors are widely used in many fields, such as transportation, medical, renewable energy, telecommunications, and HVAC. The thermal stresses that develop in these devices are among the most critical factors affecting their performance, reliability, and lifespan. With the development of technology and manufacturing methods, the size of power electronics equipment gradually decreases while their energy density increases rapidly. As a result, an efficient thermal management method has become essential. In this study, a heat sink is designed and tested for cooling IGBT arrays of an inverter used in solar PV energy systems. Differing from conventional heat sinks, a skived-type heat sink with high aspect ratio is employed under the multi-heat source case. The vapor chambers are embedded into the heat sink base to reduce the maximum temperature on the IGBT and increase the heat-spreading capability. The effects of the heat sink parameters on the cooling performance are determined by CFD analysis and compared with experimental results. The effective thermal conductivity of the vapor chamber is simplified using the isotropic and orthotropic approaches. It is confirmed that at the high heat flux case the temperatures from the orthotropic thermal conductivity model are higher than those obtained from the isotropic model and are in better agreement with the measured data. Moreover, it is observed that the proposed heat sink reduces the maximum temperature and thermal resistance by about 6.63 degrees C and 16.64 %, respectively, when operating at low fan power.