关键词：
Ephraim McDowell
Jane Todd Crawford
Ovariotomy
Oophorectomy
Abdominal surgery
Salpingo-oophorectomy
Operation
摘要：
According to the writings of Samuel Gross, he performed various operations including repair of incarcerated hernias, tracheotomies, excision of various surface tumors, drainage of abscesses, repair of lacerations and removal of bladder stones.
[...]Lizars concluded that a delay to perform an abdominal exploration (he uses the term ‘gastrotomy’) to potentially diagnose and correct life-threatening intra-abdominal pathology may be more dangerous than the operation itself.10 “From this case and those which I have enumerated, it appears to me that there is little danger to apprehend, in laying open the abdominal cavity; and that in diseased ovarium, extrauterine conceptions, foetus in utero with deformity of the pelvis preventing embryulcia, aneurism of the common iliac arteries or of the aorta, volvulus, internal hernia, cancer of the uterus, and foreign bodies in the stomach threatening death, we should have recourse early to gastrotomy.
“2 Previous operations prior to McDowell's salpingo-oophorectomy, were merely percutaneous drainage of large ovarian cysts (true ovariotomy).
[...]the use of the term, ‘ovariotomy’, for McDowell's operations are not only inaccurate, but downgrade his accomplishment and aligns it with primitive incision and drainage procedures, such as that of Robert Houstoun in August 1701 near Glasgow, Scotland and published in 1724.16 Some critics would falsely claim that Houstoun had performed the first ovarian extirpation (oophorectomy) a century before McDowell.
Dr. McDowell's own granddaughter, whom he never knew, published a biography almost a century following the operation filled with fiction, such as the townspeople of Danville set to lynch McDowell if the patient did not survive.14 This adds to the drama of the undertakings and perhaps helped sell her book, however, this certainly was not factual and there is no supporting documentation of this activity or anything approaching a mob, angry or otherwise.
[...]it would make no sense for towns
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