关键词：
NO plays
BUNRAKU
GHOSTS in literature
AIDS (Disease) in literature
摘要：
The close relationships between theatre and memory have been recognized in many cultures and in many different fashions.... Central to the Noh drama of Japan, one of the world's oldest and most venerated dramatic traditions, is the image of the play as a story of the past recounted by a ghost, but ghostly storytellers and recalled events are the common coin of theatre everywhere in the world at every *** an American dramatist, all roads lead back to Thornton *** explicitly or obliquely, Paula Vogel's plays often respond to and rewrite works by canonical writers from Shakespeare to David Mamet. In her 2003 playThe Long Christmas Ride Home(hereafterLCRH), Vogel revises Thornton Wilder's one-act playsThe Happy Journey to Trenton and CamdenandThe Long Christmas Dinner, while incorporating aspects of Japanese No drama and Bunraku puppet theater. Like her 1992 break-out playThe Baltimore Waltz, LCRHcommemorates Vogel's brother Carl, who died of AIDS in 1987. And like the return of Uncle Peck's ghost at the end of her 1998 Pulitzer Prize-winning playHow I Learned to Drive, LCRHis haunted by ghosts—of Carl, of Thornton Wilder, and of a social history that is both personal and *** all the Vogel trademarks—sharp juxtapositions, a combination of humor and pathos, the use of circular form, and a focus on a political issue examined through the lens of the American family—but it is also markedly distinct from[End Page 209]her previous work. It is a highly conceptual, poetic, and formally complex piece, and in contrast to the embodied historicity and social specificity of her other plays,LCRHinvokes notions of time and place that are, at once, more abstracted and more immediate. It marks a shift in her oeuvre away from a central female character and toward a more diffuse ensemble of perspectives, striking notes of solemnity and reverence in contrast to the irreverent humor of her previous plays. In its use of Japanese theater techniques,LCRHalso
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