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关键词： Periodic events   permanent organization   temporary organization   event failure   Christmas Market  

摘要： Periodic events are under constant threat of failure yet research on event failure is limited - even if often highlighted as a research priority. The destination management organization in the mountain resort of angstrom re sought to establish a new Christmas Market to increase the number of visitors in the winter pre-season but the event was not a success and the destination failed in its ambition to establish a periodic event. The Market was studied during its first three years using action research, interviews and direct observation and provided insights into the organization of periodic events. In order to understand the failure of the Market, empirical data were analyzed using concepts related to two discrete organizational types: permanent and temporary. The results show that the failure in angstrom re cannot be explained through the use of a single conceptual model, but can be understood when both models are utilized. The conclusion is that periodic events can be understood as phenomena that are characterized by permanent as well as temporary organization.

关键词： 圣诞节   节日   礼物   年轻化  

摘要： 我每年都期待过圣诞节，因为这个节日很洋气、年轻化。最重要的是，我的爸爸妈妈每年在圣诞节这天给我送礼物，让我觉得圣诞节很美好。其实不管是国外的节日还是国内的节日，

关键词： alpha-mixing   Dynamic panels   High dimensionality   Least squares estimation   Spatial autoregression   Stationarity  

摘要： We consider a class of spatio-temporal models which extend popular econometric spatial autoregressive panel data models by allowing the scalar coefficients for each location (or panel) different from each other. To overcome the innate endogeneity, we propose a generalized Yule-Walker estimation method which applies the least squares estimation to a Yule-Walker equation. The asymptotic theory is developed under the setting that both the sample size and the number of locations (or panels) tend to infinity under a general setting for stationary and alpha-mixing processes, which includes spatial autoregressive panel data models driven by i.i.d. innovations as special cases. The proposed methods are illustrated using both simulated and real data. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： CHRISTMAS   GIFT giving   AIRLINE rates   FOOD prices   STOCK prices   ECONOMIC aspects  

摘要： This article reviews the literature on Christmas economics. First, we present an overall picture of the debate on the potential welfare loss of gift-giving and we show strategies that reduce the potential welfare loss and might increase the number of presents received. Second, we discuss the effect of Christmas on prices and the business cycle. We provide evidence that at Christmas stock prices and airfares increase, while food prices decrease.

关键词： Correlation (Statistics)   Economic history   Incumbency (Public officers)   Christmas   Economic voting  

摘要： Incumbent politicians tend to receive more votes when economic conditions are good. In this paper we explore the source of this correlation, exploiting the exceptional evidence provided by the Spanish Christmas Lottery. Because winning tickets are typically sold by one lottery outlet, winners tend to be geographically clustered. This allows us to study the impact of exogenous good economic conditions on voting behavior. We find that incumbents receive significantly more votes in winning provinces. The evidence is consistent with a temporary increase in happiness making voters more lenient toward the incumbent, or with a stronger preference for the status quo.

关键词： REED warblers   HABITAT (Ecology)   FERAL cats   RATTUS rattus   POPULATION density   KIRITIMATI (Kiribati) -- Environmental conditions  

摘要： The Bokikokiko or Christmas Island Warbler (Acrocephalus aequinoctialis) is found only on Kiritimati (Christmas) and Teraina (Washington) Islands in the Republic of Kiribati. The population on Kiritimati Island is threatened by habitat degradation, sea level rise, and predation from feral cats (Felis catus), Pacific rats (Rattus exulans), and recently arrived black rats (Rattus rattus). There is scant information about distribution and abundance of the Bokikokiko. From 2007 to 2012, we conducted surveys with song playbacks at 83 points on 12 transects in the northern half of Kiritimati Island to measure abundance of the Bokikokiko and begin monitoring for possible declines associated with the spread of rats, and we collected habitat data to investigate factors that influenced Bokikokiko abundance. Song playbacks resulted in a 263% increase in detection rate over passive listening. We detected an average (+/- 1 SE) of 0.63 +/- 0.11 birds per point using playbacks. Average population density was 0.36 +/- 0.06 birds per hectare, but abundance varied among regions, and no birds were detected in some areas with apparently suitable habitat. Range of the Bokikokiko encompassed an area of 14,180 ha but was fragmented by many lagoons and bare ground, and only about half that area was actually occupied. Estimated population size was 2,550 425 birds. Bokikokiko were more abundant in areas with taller Heliotropium trees and taller Scaevola shrubs, and less abundant in areas with more Suriana shrubs, bare ground, and grass. Conservation actions needed for the Bokikokiko include ongoing removal of rats from islets within the lagoons of Kiritimati Island, protection of preferred habitat from development and fires, and translocations to create additional populations on rat-free atolls.

关键词： Emergency medical services   Working hours   National health services   Seasons  

摘要： The article focuses on the 2016 winter planning of National Health Service (NHS) England and NHS Improvement in preparation for an increased demand for emergency services. It mentions some measures considered for the emergency care system which include streamlining with specialist nurses, geriatricians and general practitioners (GPs), the discharge to assess procedure and the dispatch on disposition ambulance scheme. It also cites concerns over nursing staff shortage.

关键词： Muslim-Americans   Politics and Muslims   Immigrants   Sharia law   Israel-Palestine conflict  

摘要： The author presents his views on several issues raised at the 14th annual Muslim American Society-Islamic Circle of North America (MAS-ICNA) Convention which was held in Chicago, Illinois in 2015. These issues included the presence of Islamists in the U.S., Israeli-Palestine conflict, political uses of Islamophobia and the impact of pornography on Muslim youth. The support given by Muslim Americans to the Democrats is mentioned.

关键词： CHRISTMAS   FICTION   JUVENILE literature  

关键词： Fiction   Christmas stories for children