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关键词： language maps   language pedagogy   linguistically diverse classrooms   super-diversity   visual methodology  

摘要： The 21st century has brought rapid global change to the cultural and linguistic landscape of many nations;this rapidly changing landscape has prompted educators to argue that the lived and evolving reality of contemporary classrooms demands a re-examination of current curriculum, pedagogies and assessment practices. Australian classrooms now include young people who speak many different languages and dialects of English;these young people draw on multiple ways of learning and understanding and are increasingly mobile and connected across time and space. Over the last two decades, rather than building on this linguistic diversity Australia's national assessment program has relegated difference to a problem fixed by further commitment to standardized English curriculum and assessment practices. In this environment, attention is given to what is perceived as limited or lacking in young people's knowledge of the English language and literacies practices most valued in school. This article presents research that aimed to acknowledge and build on the foundational linguistic resources of young people in super-diverse mainstream primary classrooms through the application of visual methodologies (language mapping) and corresponding pedagogical work. This research, undertaken in Western Sydney, one of the most diverse regions in Australia, offers possibilities for perpetuating and fostering a pluralist present and future in 21st century classrooms.

关键词： Neo-Gricean Pragmatics   Relevance Theory   Integral Linguistics   Code-inference   Semantics-pragmatics   Underspecification  

摘要： In this article we examine how Neo-Gricean Pragmatics, Relevance Theory, and Integral Linguistics account for the code-inference distinction in natural language. Although the distinction between encoded and inferred meaning figures prominently in each of these theoretical frameworks, the way the distinction is articulated varies considerably. We compare how the three frameworks establish the code-inference distinction with respect to seven issues: 1) the extension of the code (its degree of underspecification) vis-a-vis its intension (the content contained in the code), 2) the criteria for distinguishing code and inference, 3) the differentiation of the pragmatic domain into nonce realizations and default senses, 4) the linguistic phenomena to which the code-inference distinction is applied, 5) the role of truth-conditions, 6) the levels and heuristics involved in the process of getting from encoded meaning to speaker meaning, and 7) the scope of the distinction in the overall study of language. On the basis of the comparison the article explores the main strengths and limits of the three theoretical frameworks. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

ISBN: (纸本)9787521322804

关键词： consonant clusters   epenthesis   vowel insertion   vowel intrusion   prosodic-phonetic biases  

摘要： Young children simplify word initial consonant clusters by omitting or substituting one (or both) of the elements. Vocalic insertion, coalescence and metathesis are said to be used more seldom (McLeod, van Doorn & Reed, 2001). Data from Norwegian children, however, have shown vocalic insertion to be more frequently used (Simonsen, 1990;Simonsen, Garmann & Kristoffersen, 2019). To investigate the extent to which children use this strategy to differing degrees depending on the ambient language, we analysed word initial cluster production acoustically in nine Norwegian and nine English speaking children aged 2;6-6 years, and eight adults, four from each language. The results showed that Norwegian-speaking children produce significantly more instances of vocalic insertions than English-speaking children do. The same pattern is found in Norwegian- versus English-speaking adults. We argue that this cross-linguistic difference is an example of the influence of prosodic-phonetic biases in language-specific developmental paths in the acquisition of speech.

关键词： Free double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets   prioritized aggregation operators   Choquet integral operator   multiple attribute decision-making  

摘要： As the development and extension of hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTSs), free double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (FDHHFLTSs) can describe the evaluation information in more detail. In addition, in practical multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) problems, priority relations and interaction relations usually exist among attributes, and the prioritized interactive Choquet (PIC) operator based on generalized prioritized measure-guided aggregation (GPMGA) operator and Choquet integral (CI) operator is an effective tool for dealing with decision-making problems with priority relations and interaction relations. Under the above contexts, we improve the PIC operator and propose the FDHHFLPIC operator which can aggregate the evaluation information under free double hesitant fuzzy linguistic environment and take both priority and interaction relations into account. Furthermore, we propose an approach based on the FDHHFLPIC operators to address the real MADM problem, and the proposed method considering the different relations between attributes in decision-making process. Finally, two numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method which can consider priority relations and interaction relations under the FDHHFLTSs.

关键词： Linguistic decision making   Distributed linguistic representation   Preference relation   Multiple attribute decision making   Computing with words  

摘要： Distributed linguistic representations are powerful tools for modelling the uncertainty and complexity of preference information in linguistic decision making. To provide a comprehensive perspective on the development of distributed linguistic representations in decision making, we present the taxonomy of existing distributed linguistic representations. Then, we review the key elements and applications of distributed linguistic information processing in decision making, including the distance measurement, aggregation methods, distributed linguistic preference relations, and distributed linguistic multiple attribute decision making models. Next, we provide a discussion on ongoing challenges and future research directions from the perspective of data science and explainable artificial intelligence.

ISBN: (纸本)9787561581230

关键词： Offshore photovoltaic (PV) power generation   Risk assessment   Multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM)   Probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs)   Choquet integral   Interaction-entropy measure  

摘要： Offshore photovoltaic (PV) power generation has received extensive attention for its advantages of saving land resources, high power generation efficiency and proximity to load centers. However, investors are bound to face a series of risks since China's offshore PV power generation is still in its infancy. To this end, a multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) framework for the risk assessment of offshore PV projects is constructed in this paper. Firstly, 17 risk factors are identified and classified into 4 groups. Probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) are then introduced to evaluate the criteria values to depict the uncertainty and fuzziness. Furthermore, a probabilistic linguistic ordered average Choquet integral (PLOAC) operator is proposed to aggregate criteria values and deal with the correlations between criteria. In addition, an expert weight-determining model is built based on the entropy and interaction-entropy measures of PLTSs. Finally, the risk levels of the project and each criterion are determined by similarity measure and the corresponding risk countermeasures are given. According to the case study and comparative analysis, the risk level of Zhejiang Ninghai offshore PV project is slightly high. This work provides a scientific theoretical basis for investment decision-making and risk prevention of offshore PV projects. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Migration   Belonging   Iranian refugees   Ecological approach   First language   Second language   Multilingualism  

摘要： In this study, I explore the relationship between migrants' linguistic resources, their environment, and their emotions, focusing on two Assyrian-Iranian migrants in Germany. By adopting an ecological approach, I examine how the memories they have created in Iran and Germany impact their emotional attachments to the Persian, Assyrian, and German languages. I argue that their experiences with these languages cause them to ascribe distinct emotional values to each. On the one hand, their strong feelings of belonging to a place (Iran), which correspond to their good memories of speaking Persian in that place, lead them to highly value that language and incorporate it into most aspects of their social lives. On the other hand, the migrants' memories of a language with negative or neutral connotations (in this case, German) correspond with a lower level of reported social interactions in that language. This study shows that the language which these participants use to express their emotional involvement in particular moments of their life invokes specific feelings, and represents their inner world better than their other linguistic resources. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： community-based research   ethnicity and health   mental health services   minority ethnic clients   service delivery and organisation   service user involvement  

摘要： Mental health services are increasingly encouraged to use co-design methodologies to engage individuals and families affected by mental health problems in service design and improvement. This scoping review aimed to identify research that used co-design methods with Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) communities in mental health services, and to identify methodological considerations for working with this population. In October 2019, we searched five electronic databases (CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science) to identify papers published in which people from CALD backgrounds were engaged in the co-design of a mental health service or program. Searches were limited to peer-reviewed articles published in English in the last 25 years (1993-2019). The search identified nine articles that matched the inclusion criteria. Using a scoping review methodology, the first author charted the data using extraction fields and then used qualitative synthesis methods to identify themes. Data were grouped into themes relevant to the research question. The two key themes relate first, to improving the experience for CALD communities when engaging in co-design research and second, to the development of co-design methods themselves. These findings support the need for further research into the transferability of co-design tools with CALD communities, particularly if co-design is to become a best practice method for service design and improvement. This scoping review identified methodological and practical consideration for researchers looking to use co-design with CALD communities for mental health service design, re-design or quality improvement initiatives. Further research is required to explore experiences of co-design methods, including documented protocols such as experience-based co-design, with CALD communities. This review indicates that explanatory models of mental health, community and co-design impact partnerships with CALD communities, and need to be