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关键词： Succession roadblock   Family business   Family governance   Corporate governance   Fuzzy linguistic preference relations   Board of directors  

摘要： This study investigates how to reduce future barriers to succession and other problems related to family governance by constructing a succession roadblock map. The study explores succession roadblocks in family businesses and provides a succession planning tool that is based on empirical data from 42 director members of the Taiwan Institute of Directors. An analytical hierarchy of family business succession and succession roadblocks are divided into three categories: family roadblocks, institutional roadblocks, and market roadblocks. Next, this study calculates the weights and rankings of the severity of such roadblocks and the likelihood of their occurrence. Specifically, this study constructs a succession roadblock matrix that categorizes succession roadblocks into four categories: the ownership dilution model, sell or withdraw model, ownership management model, and dispersive ownership model. This study also establishes a roadblock strategy matrix for successor positioning and proposes suggestions for practical strategic planning to overcome the challenges of succession roadblocks.

关键词： Complaint   Linguistic (in) directness   Interactional analysis   (Im)politeness   Online communication   Twitter  

摘要： In this paper we describe and apply a method probing into linguistic (in)directness in complaint tweets. The sample analyzed consists of French-language Twitter complaint interactions, half of which are between the SNCF (the French National Railway company) and its customers and half between the SNCB (the Belgian National Railway company) and its customers. The aim of this paper is two-fold: first, we present and test a methodology that measures the explicitness (or linguistic (in)directness) of complaints, which, we argue, in line with Decock and Depraetere (2018), must be differentiated from perceived (im) politeness or perceived face-threat. Linguistic (in)directness is analyzed in the complete complaint situation, that is, in the first tweet as well as in the ensuing interaction. Secondly, as the sample shows differences in the realization of complaints in two linguistically close communities, we put forward some hypotheses concerning the relative impact of cultural differences and the companies' response strategy. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Linguistic relativity   Neo-Whorfian   Language and thought   Integral linguistics   Phenomenology   Motivation & Sedimentation model  

摘要： Linguistic relativity is a notion that has been met with both praise and scorn. We argue that there is correlation between theorists' general conceptions of the nature of language, and their stance toward linguistic relativity. Starting with the proponents of the thesis, we distinguish between the relativists of the early days (Boas, Whorf) and modern neoWhoflans (Levinson, Slobin), showing that the first but not the latter are committed to a view of language as a monolithic semiotic system contrasting "arbitrarily" with other such systems. Critics of the thesis also come from two diametrically opposed views of language. While universalists see the most significant part of language as pan-human cognitive structure (insulated from thought in general), socio-cultural theorists emphasize the nature of language as contextually situated activity. In both cases the potential for locally sedimented linguistic structures to influence thought is excluded or at best marginalized. In response, we propose that a synthetic ontology of language as an experientially grounded semiotic system for meaning making in actual social contexts allows for the possibility for language to influence thought, though in different ways. These depend on whether we consider language as situated use, as sedimented conventions or as ultimately prelinguistic motivations for "universal" properties like predication. We argue that all three of these perspectives need to be considered. With the help of the Motivation & Sedimentation Model, which is based on such a linguistic ontology, and inspired by the integral linguistics and phenomenology, we show how the deadlock in the debate over linguistic relativity can be resolved, and the possibility for discussion to proceed in less antagonistic manner. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： 语言学   国外   文集   外国文学   文学研究  

ISBN: (纸本)9787309154689

摘要： 本书收录语言学、文学和翻译学三大板块20余篇论文。其中包含了《系统功能语言学视角下英语教师提问的互动性差异研究》、《俄裔犹太人的美国之声——马克西姆施拉耶尔访谈》、《欲望、暴力和“午夜妈咪”——论笛福小说的道德模糊》、《头传统、口头传播与口头叙事——英语世界口头文学研究及启示》、《文化认同与翻译动机——翟理斯英译《聊斋志异》研究》等文章。

摘要： This study replicates Bitchener and Knoch (2010), which reported that written corrective feedback (WCF) targeting two single-rule English article functions (first mention a and subsequent mention the) is effective. The current replication study repeats the original study in most respects but adds to the assessment of the intervention's efficacy by recording the impact of focused WCF on all functional article uses, and not just on the two uses targeted by the WCF. The results of the replication study partially confirm Bitchener & Knoch's results and introduce some further differentiated findings. It is concluded that while the focused WCF leads to increased accuracy in the targeted functions of articles, the same WCF may negatively impact the remaining non-targeted article functions, especially for the group that received the most explicit WCF in the form of metalinguistic explanation.

关键词： affective design   Fuzzy Linguistic scale   Labeled Affective Magnitude scale   tactile feelings  

摘要： Affective design is the inclusion or representation of human emotions and subjective impressions in product design processes. In affective design, a number of different scales are commonly used to reveal and measure subjective emotions related to the design features of products. Osgood's Semantic Differential Scale (SDS) is one of the scales that has often been used for this purpose. However, there are some drawbacks in the SDS due to the ordinal nature of the scale that leads to losses or distortions of a significant amount of information and this makes it difficult to justify parametric statistical analysis. In this study, two scales, namely a Labeled Affective Magnitude (LAM) scale and a Fuzzy Linguistic scale, are developed. The LAM scale is an alternative scale based on magnitude estimation and has ratio properties. The Fuzzy Linguistic scale is an interval scale for which responses are linguistic descriptors that are identified with fuzzy numbers or intervals. The scales were developed for tactile feelings because they are an important factor in product evaluation. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the scales. There was no significant difference between the newly constructed fuzzy scale and 11 point SDS, whereas there was a significant difference between the newly constructed LAM scale and 11 point SDS.

关键词： 英语   论文   语言学   研究  

ISBN: (纸本)9787308201629

摘要： 本书聚焦国际学术发表这个重大的现实问题，在国际学术视野下批评西方话语理论，探析期刊论文语类语篇的本质特点和中外学者撰写和发表国际期刊论文所采用的话语策略。从语篇建构视角，本书注重论文中语言符号资源的运作和话语社团的专业实践，探究论文语篇中显性和隐性的意义表达；从社会批评视角，本书探讨社会普遍认可的论文交际目的和作者个体的交际意图，分析话语社团成员之间相互交流以建构学术共识的过程。

关键词： Linguistics   Corpus   Forensic linguistics   Textometry   Stylometry  

摘要： This article seeks to offer a response to the digital transformation of forensic science by employing a tool-based linguistic analysis, integrated into the paradigm of digital humanities. It is a way to scientifically model the analysis of digital texts using digital methods. Computer science comes in support of linguistic skills in order to deal with investigative situations and help analyze criminal acts. It presents a case report thanks to the analysis of a corpus made up o f23 texts relating to criminal acts related to suspected terrorist groups with links to the far left. The goal is to help investigators by providing results which can help find stylistic similarities or exclusions between texts and thus potentially between the authors of those texts, offering authors profiling hypothsesis that may be included in the investigation process. While linguistics alone cannot solve such cases, a better understanding of language data, including topics, style and grammar, bring additional clues that can be very useful information in the investigation of crimes (linguists can "translate" information to investigators, so that it can be integrated to the investigation). Digital tools provide a form of objectification since they are based on statistical calculations which reveal regularities that are otherwise invisible to the naked eye. These tools, when used properly in investigations, can prove invaluable in extracting "clues" from the linguistic "traces" that make up texts. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

摘要： The growing concern for ethics in applied linguistics may be attributed to attempts to stem the rising incidence of ethical lapses in order to ensure that the core ethical principles of (1) respect for persons, (2) yielding optimal benefits while minimizing harm, and (3) justice are preserved. Following a brief historical review of this topic, and building on the growing commitment to carry out ethical applied linguistic research, we map out seven research tasks that will enhance our understanding of how to extend this expanding research agenda. By inviting applied linguists to evaluate their methodological practices and those of their peers, we also argue for the need to develop the ethical dispositions of emerging applied linguists, with a view to create a more robust field.

ISBN: (纸本)9787521322989