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关键词： Sustainability   Scheme selection   Design for disassembly (DFD)   Multi-attribute decision making (MADM)   Interval 2-tuple linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (I2LIFNs)   Regret theory (RT)  

摘要： Design for disassembly (DFD) is an essential design technique to consider the disassembly and recyclability of a product at the initial design stage. An efficient DFD technique provides the disassembling and recycling easily. However, the recent trends of disassembling and recycling are to consider the aspects of environmental and social sustainability. Due to shortage of energy and deterioration of the ecological environment, the sustainable production is an active research topic to use the economic and social benefits as the evaluation standard of a design scheme as well as its environmental characteristics. This paper provides a new approach for DFD based on sustainability. In this regard, a hybrid multi-attribute decision making (MADM) method integrating the regret theory (RT) and the entropy weighting method is firstly developed. To implement the proposed approach, an eight-criterion evaluation system of schemes based on sustainability including the factors of disassembly energy consumption, disassembly accessibility, fastener ratio, toxic material proportion, material recovery rate, disassembly expense, production and use noise, and waste emissions, is established. To better describe the fuzziness of human thinking and to avoid information loss/distortion during information aggregation phases, the evaluation information given by experts is presented by our proposed interval 2-tuple linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (I2LIFNs). The weight vector of index structure is determined by the entropy weighting method under the fuzzy environment. The RT is employed to get the final order of alternatives by considering and quantitating both the risk attitude and the regret attitude of experts. To show the applicability of this study, a case study including four kinds of refrigerator schemes, is conducted to validate the proposed method. An extensive comparison with other recent and state of the art methods along with a sensitivity analysis of 13 experiments, is exec

关键词： Domain name system   Disposable domain name   Passive DNS traffic  

摘要： An increasing number of Internet services tend to collect one-time information from clients via DNS queries. Notably, the uncertainty of such transient information makes these domain names be queried only once in their lifetime. This type of domain is called disposable domain. Although they do not involve any malicious activities, the efficiency of DNS infrastructures is still affected by their ever-increasing number. Existing approaches for detecting disposable domains have serious disadvantages, such as poor timeliness and high false positive rate. In this paper, we conduct an extensive measurement study of the ISP-level DNS traffic and find that the readability of domain name is suitable for identifying disposable domains. Therefore, we propose Vogers, a linguistics-based stacking model, to detect disposable domains from raw DNS traffic. Compared with the prior arts, Vogers decreases the false positive rate by more than 17%, while maintaining the true positive rate above 98.9%. In addition, Vogers generalizes quite well to unknown environments, whereby we are able to report new disposable domains. Our further application of Vogers in the real-world DNS traffic shows that filtering disposable domains can improve the efficiency of DNS infrastructures.

关键词： Group decision-making (GDM)   Hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTSs)   Consensus reaching process (CRP)   Dempster-Shafer evidence theory (DSET)  

摘要： In group decision-making (GDM), a consensus building process (CRP) is necessary to improve the level of consensus within the group. This paper develops a new CRP model for GDM problems with hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTSs), which also considers the reliability of experts. Firstly, we present the calculation of expert reliability by measuring the hesitancy degree and similarity degree, simultaneously. Next, we propose an approach to generate group opinions based on the reliability of experts within the framework of the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory (DSET). In this way, the original individual opinions can be retained well and the discourse power of experts with higher reliability but lower weights can be strengthened. Further, the reliability is introduced to build a new feedback mechanism that provides experts with explicit advice during the consensus reaching process. Subsequently, a new CRP algorithm for hesitant fuzzy linguistic GDM (HFLGDM) problems is proposed to help the group achieve consensus. A practical case study is utilized to illustrate the application of the proposed algorithm. Finally, we conduct a comparison experiment to verify the advantages of the proposed CRP algorithm. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC)   initial lexicon   Spanish   vocabulary selection  

摘要： For children with complex communication needs in the early stages of language development, access to appropriate vocabulary provides a means for social interaction and participation, and the foundation for the acquisition of grammar and other language related skills. While numerous resources are available to support decision making for speakers of English, there is a pressing need to rapidly expand such resources for other languages. Spanish is the official language in 20 countries, and in other countries (e.g., United States) Spanish-speaking communities represent a substantial proportion of the population. The aim of this study was to produce a developmentally-relevant word list for use by Spanish-speaking children in the early stages of language development. The list was developed from an analysis of overlap between published and validated lists of words produced by young Spanish speaking children with typical development. The list includes a wide range of word classes and semantic categories and is proposed as a tool to assist professionals, families and software developers in the process of selecting an initial lexicon for children who require AAC and are learning Spanish. Implications of our findings for vocabulary selection and future research directions are discussed.

关键词： 英语语言   学项目学习法   教学探究  

摘要： 英语语言学具有两种特点,其一是复杂性,其二是抽象性,从英语语言学其特点可知英语这门学科的知识点不易理解。本文先对项目学习法在高校英语语言学中的现状展开简要分析,而后提出几点应用对策,以期提高学生学习英语的积极性,使其能够主动完成学习目标。

关键词： 道经   词汇   方法论  

摘要： 近几十年来,道经在语言学界受到越来越多的关注。同时,训诂学、佛源词、构词法、句法功能分析、义素分析、数据统计等研究方法也产生了一些相关的研究成果,围绕道经的词汇学研究也取得了丰硕的成果。

关键词： 语言学   文化   适应性  

摘要： 本文在梳理生态语言学的概念及其含义的基础上,以跨文化交际中文化的适应性为切入点,简析在生态语言学背景下,女书在文化适应性方面的提升对其今后传承发展的重要意义,并就现有的一些问题对女书的保护传承提出建议。

关键词： 《茶经》   英译史   茶文化   互文性   语言学  

摘要： 中国饮茶历史悠久,茶文化更是博大精深。该文对茶经英译进行梳理,总结出三个时期,分别是储备期、发展期、平稳期。储备期文献数量较少,时间跨度较大。这一时期催生了许多高质量的文献,有从茶文化、互文性、美学等视角进行的研究,这一时期的代表人物有:姜欣、姜怡、何琼和王钰。在发展期,文献数量激增,视角也更具多样性,包括语言学、语义与交际翻译、模因、变译等视角进行的研究,代表人物有:姜欣、肖婷、张维娟和柴文静。平稳期文献数量有所减少,但视角不断拓展,其中副文本和阐释学理论受到关注,其代表人物有:孙伟、刘晓萍和梁晓。该文就《茶经》英译研究方面出现的重复、期刊单一、缺乏对比研究、国外接受度的问题给出了相应对策:加强理论学习,结合理论与实践,创新研究思路和方法。最后希望能为中国典籍英译提供些许可参考的价值,进一步推动中国文化走向世界。

关键词： 认知识解   概念隐喻   《诗经》   汉英对比  

摘要： 基于认知识解理论,以汪榕培版译本中植物隐喻为研究对象,运用聚焦、突显、视角和详略度等识解方式分析《诗经·国风》中植物隐喻的英译过程;同时,发现地域和社会文化等要素会导致英汉识解方式上存在差异,使得两种语言在隐喻识解上产生不对称性;概念隐喻理论与识解理论的结合研究可以用来解释英译策略差异。

关键词： 改编   概念隐喻   多模态隐喻   认知诗学   《艾菲·布里斯特》  

摘要： 认知语言学的概念隐喻理论认为隐喻是人类的思维方式,建构了人们的语言、思想与行为。认知诗学与多模态隐喻研究将这一理论视角分别拓展到了文学与多模态领域,验证了概念隐喻在文学文本以及多模态领域的功能与意义。本文以德国现实主义文学巅峰之作《艾菲·布里斯特》及法斯宾德的改编版本为例,说明在从小说向电影的改编中,概念隐喻能起到联通两种符号系统的作用,为两种艺术形式之间的转换提供有益视角。