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关键词： 2‐   tuple linguistic neutrosophic sets   cumulative prospect theory   multiattribute group decision making (MAGDM)   TODIM  

摘要： The 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic set (2TLNS) does a good job in coping with vague and uncertain environments and has been widely used in numerous fields. In this article, we come up with a new solution of multiple attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problems, named as the modified TODIM method based on cumulative prospect theory and 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic sets (CPT-2TLN-TODIM method). To ensure relatively objective attribute weights, the CRITIC is integrated into this new model in this paper. The CPT-2TLN-TODIM method fully considers the psychological state of decision makers that makes it more realistic. What's more, we introduce the application of CPT-2TLN-TODIM method in the evaluation of network security assessment team for verifying the practicability of the CPT-2TLN-TODIM method. And finally, the reliability of CPT-2TLN-TODIM method is confirmed by comparing with other existed methods. In the immediate future, we will further explore the application of this method in other fields and keep trying to put forward more scientific and reasonable methods to solve MAGDM problems.

摘要： The role of cultural distance in market integration, particularly in the developing world, has received relatively little attention. Using prices from more than 200 South Asian markets spanning 1861 to 1921, we show that linguistic distance correlates negatively with market integration. A one-standard-deviation increase in linguistic distance predicts a reduction in the price correlation between two markets of 0.121 standard deviations for wheat, 0.181 for salt, and 0.088 for rice. While factors like genetic distance, literacy gaps, and railway connections are correlated with linguistic distance, they do not fully explain the correlation between linguistic distance and market integration.

关键词： grammatical gender   Dutch   pronouns   lexical agreement   semantic agreement  

摘要： Previous research has shown that Dutch pronominal gender is in a process of resemanticization: Highly individuated nouns are increasingly referred to with masculine and feminine pronouns, and lowly individuated ones with the neuter pronoun het/'t 'it', irrespective of the grammatical gender of the noun (Audring 2009). The process is commonly attributed to the loss of adnominal gender agreement, which is increasingly blurring distinctions between masculine and feminine nouns and, therefore, requires speakers to resort to semantic default strategies (De Vogelaer & De Sutter 2011). Several factors have been identified that influence the choice of semantic vis-a-vis lexical agreement, both linguistic and social. This article seeks to weigh the importance of both structural and social factors in pronominal gender agreement in Belgian Dutch, using the Belgian part of the Spoken Dutch Corpus. A multivariate statistical analysis reveals that most effects are structural, including noun semantics and the syntactic function of the antecedent and the pronoun, as well as the pragmatic status of the antecedent. The most important social factor is speech register. We argue that these effects support a psycholinguistic account in which resemanticization is seen as a change from below, caused by hampered lexical access to noun gender.

关键词： Self-confidence DHLPRs   Consensus reaching model   Priority vector   Group decision making   Simulation experiment  

摘要： Group decision making (GDM) can be defined as an environment where there exist a set of possible alternatives and a set of individuals (experts, judgements, etc.). Preference relation is one of the most widely used preference representation structures in GDM. Considering that the self-confidence degree is an important part to express preference information, and double hierarchy linguistic preference relation (DHLPR) is a cognitive complex linguistic information representation tool to express complex linguistic information, this paper presents a novel preference relation named as self-confident DHLPR. In addition, a weight-determining method is developed, which considers three kinds of information including the subjective weights and two kinds of objective weights. Furthermore, a consensus model is set up to manage the GDM problems with self-confident DHLPRs based on the priority ordering theory. The effectiveness of the proposed consensus model is illustrated by a case study concerning the selection of optimal hospitals in the field of Telemedicine. Finally, a simulation experiment is devised to testify the proposed consensus model and then some comparisons with other consensus reaching models are provided from three different angles including the number of iterations, the consensus success ratio and the distance between the original and adjusted preferences.

关键词： Lexical bundle   Formulaic frame   Discourse function   Applied linguistics   Pharmaceutical sciences  

摘要： Lexical bundles perform discourse functions and present differing levels of variability, with some slots replaceable by optional words. Incorporating both function and formulaicity perspectives is a promising approach to uncover certain features of these recurrent language patterns. Based on the variability measurement and functional taxonomy proposed by Biber (2009) and Biber et al. (2004), this study compared the extent to which the lexical bundles from research articles of applied linguistics and pharmaceutical sciences are fixed. Thereafter, the lexical bundles were examined across the discourse functions to explore the possible interaction between function and variability. The results indicate that variability shows disciplinary variation, with bundles from applied linguistics articles as a whole being relatively less fixed. In addition, discourse functions are found to be closely associated with variability. These findings shed light on the question of whether lexical bundles are prefabricated patterns and may facilitate the teaching of academic writing at the graduate level. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Lexical bundles perform discourse functions and present differing levels of variability, with some slots replaceable by optional words. Incorporating both function and formulaicity perspectives is a promising approach to uncover certain features of these recurrent language patterns. Based on the variability measurement and functional taxonomy proposed by Biber (2009) and Biber et al. (2004), this study compared the extent to which the lexical bundles from research articles of applied linguistics and pharmaceutical sciences are fixed. Thereafter, the lexical bundles were examined across the discourse functions to explore the possible interaction between function and variability. The results indicate that variability shows disciplinary variation, with bundles from applied linguistics articles as a whole being relatively less fixed. In addition, di

关键词： Quality management   Quality function deployment   Continuous interval-valued linguistic information   Best worst method   Aviation service development  

摘要： Quality function deployment (QFD), as a widely-used quality management method, can effectively capture customers' preferences of products and services by involving lots of evaluations including the weights of customer requirements, the performance of alternatives under different design requirements and the interactions of design requirements. However, there are challenges to use this tool to solve complex customer-oriented design problems because of the uncertain information regarding customer requirements, design requirements and alternatives' performances. To address the inherent uncertainty of qualitative information in the framework of QFD, this paper incorporates the continuous interval-valued linguistic term set, a novel information representation model, to depict the complex linguistic evaluations of experts, and then introduces a novel QFD framework with complex linguistic evaluations. Such a QFD framework is constructed with three phases: the first step is to determine the importance degrees of customer requirements and additional requirements, which are important for product deployments, with the help of the best worst method;the second step is to determine the relative importance of design requirements;the third step is to calculate the interval weights of alternatives according to the uncertainty degrees of evaluations and the weights of design requirements. The inner-element correlations are considered in the whole procedure of the proposed QFD. The proposed method is applied to the aviation service development for Sichuan Airlines in China to illustrate its practicability. It is noted that this method can also be applied to various cases about product and service design.

关键词： Linguistics   Risk management   Reliability   Decision making   Uncertainty   Analytical models   Economics   Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA)   linguistic Z-number   projection method   technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method  

摘要： As a proactive reliability analysis tool, failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) was widely utilized in various industries to guarantee safety and reliability. Recently, many researchers in this field have emphasized the limitations of this technique, such as in failure mode evaluation, risk factor weighting, and failure mode prioritization. The objective of this article is to develop a new FMEA model combining linguistic Z-numbers and an extended projection method to enhance the inherent characteristics of FMEA. Specifically, the linguistic Z-numbers are used to express experts' risk assessment information and the reliability of the assessment result. The normal projection method is extended to determine the risk priority of the failure modes considered in FMEA. Moreover, the relative weights of risk factors are derived objectively based on the idea of technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. A practical risk evaluation case of aircraft landing system is given for verifying the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed FMEA. The results show that the proposed linguistic Z-number projection model is practical and flexible, which can not only depict experts' complex and uncertain risk evaluation information accurately, but also obtain more accurate risk prioritization of failure modes.

关键词： Summary interpreting   Conversation analysis   Cross-linguistic formulation   Mediation   Facilitation   Agency  

摘要： This paper focuses on a case of systematic resort to consecutive summary interpretation in French Asylum courtroom proceedings and provides the first analysis of this controversial practice. Drawing on conversational analysis, it shows that summary interpreting is framed as a separate interaction between interpreter and asylum seeker, under the eye of a remote court. The interpreter performs (cross-linguistic) "formulations" of what precedes and what follows in the proceedings, and in so doing does not only render, gatekeep and facilitate the main elements of the source text, as usually found in dialogue interpreting, but endorses the role of an intercultural mediator. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Chinese script   Identity   Language ideology   Tourism   Linguistic commodification   Taiwan  

摘要： This study investigates a language ideological debate concerning the adoption of simplified Chinese script-the norm in China-at tourist spots in Taiwan, where traditional Chinese script is the norm, after Taiwan opened up its market to Chinese independent travelers in 2011. With discourse data from the government, media, hosts, and Chinese travelers, we explore how the scripts are associated with various meanings and how the debate is interwoven with the contestation of Taiwanese identity. Multiple levels of tension are identified, including those between the symbolic and instrumental values of the scripts and between Taiwan's national identity and marketing considerations. We conclude that discourses concerning the two Chinese scripts serve as a discursive space where 'Taiwaneseness' and 'Chineseness' are variously constructed and negotiated along two main axes of differentiation. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fuzzy linguistic modeling   Customer opinion value   Multi-Criteria Decision-Making   Evaluation of tourist services  

摘要： Asa consequence of the exponential growth in online data, tourism sector has experimented a radical transformation. From this large amount of information, opinion makers can be benefited for decision making in their purchase process. However, it can also harm them according to the information they consult. In fact, being benefited or harmed by the information translates into greater or lesser satisfaction after the purchase. This will largely depend on the published opinions that they take into account, which in turn depend on the value of the opinioner who publishes said information. In this paper, the authors propose a methodology that integrates multiple decision-making techniques and with which it is intended to obtain a ranking of hotels through the opinions of their past clients. To do this, the customer value is obtained using the Recency, Frequency, Helpfulness model. The information about the users found in the social networks is managed and aggregated using the fuzzy linguistic approach 2-tuples multi-granular. In addition, we have verified the functionality of this methodology by presenting a business case by applying it on TripAdvisor data. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.