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关键词： Health Literacy Questionnaire Chinese version   nursing   psychometric testing   reliability   sensitivity   specificity   validity  

摘要： Objective Health literacy is an important predictor of health outcomes. The Health Literacy Questionnaire has been widely adopted to measure health literacy and has been translated into multiple languages including Chinese. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the simplified Chinese Health Literacy Questionnaire. Methods Data were obtained from a sample of 362 Chinese immigrants from Chinese community organizations in New South Wales, Australia. Statistical analyses include descriptive and exploratory factor analyses. Results A modified seven-factor solution was derived from 39 of the original 44 items, all with acceptable to excellent internal consistency but differing from the original construction. Health literacy subscale scores were negatively associated with age and, age at immigration, but positively associated with years of staying in Australia, better English proficiency and current employment. Discrepancies in meanings between original and translated items and different interpretation of the questions based on Chinese culture could possibly explain the variations between the two versions. Conclusion The modified simplified Chinese Health Literacy Questionnaire measures some central concepts of health literacy. However, the questionnaire requires further development, especially in linguistic and cultural aspects.

关键词： CALD   Fieldwork placements   Fieldwork supervisors   Performance   Pressure points   Students   Work-integrated learning  

摘要： The growing number of students who are culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) relative to the host university undertaking fieldwork placements raises questions about how to best support their needs and the needs of their fieldwork supervisors so as to maximize the experience for both parties. This research aims to quantify and compare fieldwork supervisors' perceptions of CALD versus non-CALD students' performance during placements, the areas and levels of concern they experience in providing this supervision. Placement supervisors from health and non-health courses affiliated with an Australian University were randomly assigned to a survey containing question sets relating to their experiences in supervising CALD (n= 153) or non-CALD students (n= 168). The survey comprised Likert scale questions assessing "pressure points" to supervision and open-ended questions including strategies fieldwork supervisors typically used to assist students. Using univariate ordinal logistic regression analyses, "speaking" (coefficient, 95% CI 2.1 (1.56, 2.65)), "writing" in English (1.69 (1.17, 2.20)), and "adapting to culture of workplaces" (1.20 (0.71, 1.69)) were perceived by placement supervisors as the top "pressure points" in supervising CALD students. Interaction effects demonstrated that "difficulties in assessing CALD students' competency" (coefficient, 95% CI-1.14 (-2.27, -0.01), "feeling competent in supervising students for placements" (1.35 (0.26, 2.45)), and the "perception of lack of support" from either the university or employing organization (-1.70 (-2.83, - 0.56)) were evident within fieldwork placement of health courses only. These results can assist universities and placement organizations to prioritize resources to address the key areas affecting CALD students' performance on placements, and to improve supervisors' experience in supervising CALD students on placements in health courses.

关键词： Secondary Chinese English learners   L2 writing quality   Lexical complexity   Syntactic complexity   Report   Letter  

摘要： While such linguistic features as lexical complexity and syntactic complexity have been used to analyse the texts written by college-level L2 learners and experts in previous research, the findings may not be applicable to the writing of secondary students in their learning contexts. This study, based on a corpus of 64,060 words comprising 120 high-, mid-and low-scored reports and letters written by candidates of the HKDSE English Language Writing paper, adds to the existing literature by investigating how lexical and syntactic complexity features can distinguish and predict the quality of L2 writing. Automated tools were adopted to measure the lexical and syntactic complexity features of the writings, followed by the use of one-way ANOVA and post-hoc analyses to examine the differences among the three levels of examination scripts. Correlation and regression models were also performed to test the predictive power of lexical and syntactic complexity features. It was found that lexical complexity, when compared to syntactic complexity, is a stronger predictor of L2 writing quality. The impact of text types, examination prompts and learners? English proficiency on L2 writing quality are discussed, and the implications for the teaching and assessment of L2 writing are considered. ? 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： implicit and explicit processes   sociolinguistic cognition   sociolinguistic perception   sociolinguistic variation  

摘要： Cognitive models of sociolinguistics must support a wide range of goal-oriented behavior (e.g. Eckert, 2000a) without suggesting unrealistic levels of deliberative control on the part of speakers. The current study investigates the limits of deliberative control in audiovisual face-voice perception. Perceivers evaluated co-present recorded speech and static face pictures, rating the stimuli on the scales 'accented' and 'good-looking' in one of three conditions: as a combined voice and face;evaluating the face while ignoring the voice;and evaluating the voice while ignoring the face. Perceivers' ability to ignore social information from a face or voice upon instruction are taken as indicative of deliberative control in social evaluation. The results suggest that deliberative control and evaluative relevance both play a role in perception, but that available social information is difficult to ignore completely. They further suggest an asymmetry making voices more difficult to ignore than static faces and support a model of sociolinguistic perception and evaluation as a function of multiple competing processes under varying degrees of deliberative control.

摘要： There has been considerable investigation of the roles that linguistic and world knowledge play during language comprehension. This investigation is important because its results have ramifications for both basic questions about how the mature intact language comprehension system functions and for applied questions regarding how comprehension systems that are impaired by aphasia might function. In the current paper, we review debates and research related to the representation and use of linguistic and world knowledge in language comprehension and then describe a recent computational model that takes both world and linguistic knowledge into account in predicting language comprehension difficulty. We then review empirical work that attempts to characterize the interactions and potential trade-offs between world and linguistic knowledge during language comprehension, and relate this work to the computational model previously described. We conclude with a brief overview of a few open questions regarding the representation of linguistic and world knowledge.

摘要： Quotative be like is a much discussed variable linguistic feature recruited in this investigation in order to revisit the hypothesis of linguistic diffusion (Labov 2007) predicting re-ordering of original patterns by L2 populations. As a sociocognitively salient variant spreading above the level of conscious awareness, be like has been appropriated by adult speakers from two distinctive L2 English ecologies with a high degree of precision, a finding previously not reported in studies exploring the acquisition of structured variation. In this article, I explain how, supported by frequency and constraint complexity, sociocognitive salience may have contributed to the generally accurate replication of the variable grammar for be like and, by this token, how it can inform existing models of language change. (Sociocognitive salience, linguistic diffusion, L2 acquisition of structured variation, variationist sociolinguistics, World Englishes, be like)

ISBN: (纸本)9787562292753

关键词： 中国古代数学家   反语言学   倾向   突围   中国古代哲学  

摘要： 从费孝通的《乡土中国》来看,中国古代的乡土社会也是具有反语言学倾向的,但是中国古代数学家是没有反语言学倾向的。中国古代数学是以追求知识为主的学问,即使是实用的数学知识也是需要语言表达的。中国古代数学家的反思、质疑和批判的精神和数学家在数学上需要被人理解而急需表达的诉求,这些都反映中国古代数学家没有反语言学的倾向。中国古代数学家是在中国古代哲学家和中国古代乡土社会消极的反语言学倾向的逆境中突围并推动中国古代数学发展的。中国古代是以应用为主的数学也可以从中国古代数学家、中国古代哲学家及中国古代社会对语言学的态度及相互作用的关系中得到解释。

关键词： 认知语言学   幼儿   英语教学   启示  

摘要： 大力投入但收效甚微一直是传统的英语教学方法长期存在的问题。为了适应现代教学,培养学生的英语兴趣,一些新兴的认知语言学以独特的认知视角改变了传统的幼儿英语教育模式,让教师对幼儿的英语启迪教育有了新的认识。