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关键词： Network teaching   E-learning website   Linguistic hesitant fuzzy set   Best-worst method   TODIM method  

摘要： Network teaching has been widely developed under the influence of COVID-19 pandemic to guarantee the implementation of teaching plans and protect the learning rights of students. Selecting a particular website for network teaching can directly affects end users' performance and promote network teaching quality. Normally, e-learning website selection can be considered as a complex multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem, and experts' evaluations over the performance of e-learning websites are often imprecise and fuzzy due to the subjective nature of human thinking. In this article, we propose a new integrated MCDM approach on the basis of linguistic hesitant fuzzy sets (LHFSs) and the TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese of interactive and multi-criteria decision making) method to evaluate and select the best e-learning website for network teaching. This introduced method deals with the linguistic assessments of experts based on the LHFSs, determines the weights of evaluation criteria with the best-worst method (BWM), and acquires the ranking of e-learning websites utilizing an extended TODIM method. The applicability and superiority of the presented linguistic hesitant fuzzy TODIM (LHF-TODIM) approach are demonstrated through a realistic e-learning website selection example. Results show that the LHF-TODIM model being proposed is more practical and effective for solving the e-learning website selection problem under vague and uncertain linguistic environment. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multi-criteria group decision-making   Consensus   Individual satisfaction   Social network analysis   Probabilistic linguistic trust  

摘要： The advancement of science and technology and the development of network environments have made social network multi-criteria group decision making (SN-MCGDM) an interesting research topic. A satisfaction-driven consensus model that can be applied to incomplete information under probabilistic linguistic trust in SN-MCGDM is presented. First, to model the trust relationships among group experts more flexibly and accurately, the concept of a probabilistic linguistic trust function is defined. Based on this concept, a t-norm-based probabilistic linguistic trust propagation operator and a path-weighted averaging operator are proposed to construct the complete trust relationships among group experts. Then, the incomplete evaluation information in the decision matrix is estimated based on the trust relationships. To identify inconsistent experts, a new consensus measure is provided. To achieve the individual aims as well as to retain the initial opinions of the experts to the greatest extent, identification rules based on satisfaction along with suggestion rules with local modifications are then proposed to help experts reach consensus. Finally, an example followed by comparative analyses is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed consensus-reaching model.

摘要： Arguments about the sociopolitical significance of the informalisation of English have been central to the critical study of language in society since the 1980s. This article demonstrates that informalisation was also a key concern of ordinary users of British English in the 1980s. Correspondents in the British Mass Observation Project articulated judgements of informalisation that were in many ways continuous with those of academic linguists. The article argues that such critical arguments about language were part of a 'structure of feeling' (Raymond Williams) of late twentieth-century Britain. This suggests a rethinking of ordinary language users' relations to their linguistic experience, not as unthinkingly 'prescriptivist', nor as merely 'commonsensical', but as exhibiting a nuance which academic linguists would do well to engage with more fully. The article makes the case for the use of social-historical archives in investigations of metalanguage, as a means by which the social significance of language can be better understood. (Critical linguistics, folk linguistics, terms of address, informalisation, synthetic personalisation, prescriptivism)

关键词： Metabolic syndrome   mild cognitive impairment   vascular disorders   dementia  

摘要： IntroductionCurrent epidemiological data on the pandemic prevalence of HIV in the world expand the boundaries of the problems associated with the threat of unpredictable spread of infection and the frequency of mental disorders that accompany HIV *** mental disorders are determined by the fact that the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the reservoirs for HIV. HIV is indirectly a neurotropic virus and can cause associated neurocognitive impairment (HAND)MethodsIn study were used clinical-linguistic examination method for determining linguistic markers for mental disorders in HIV patients who did not receive specific antiviral therapy.ResultsAs a result, it was found that 50% of HIV-infected patients not suffering from addiction syndromes or surfactant abuse have mental disorders, which are characterized mainly by disorders of adaptive reactions and mild cognitive impairment. 57.7% of HIV-infected people who do not use surfactants showed a high level of social adaptation. For patients who do not use surfactants, and who have undergone a commission examination before starting ART, the leading psychopathological syndromes are anxiety, anxiety-hypochondria. 44.2% of patients did not have obvious psychopathological symptoms.ConclusionsStructure of emotional experiences was revealed in patients who recently learned about the burden of a serious chronic disease with the corresponding fear of death and self-stigmatization. Identified linguistic markers are additional signs that can be used by physicians and psychiatrists to diagnose both cognitive impairment and emotional impairment in patients with HIV *** of interestNo significant relationships.

关键词： Breast cancer   Mammograms   Health education   Minorities  

摘要： Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the USA. Despite the availability of screening mammograms, significant disparities still exist in breast cancer outcomes of racial/ethnic and sexual/gender minorities. To address these disparities, the Mount Sinai Mobile Breast Health Program in New York City collaborated with local organizations to develop culturally and linguistically appropriate breast cancer education programs aimed at increasing screening mammogram utilization. Literature review of the barriers to mammography screening formed the basis to allow us to draft a narrative presentation for each targeted cultural group: African American, African-born, Chinese, Latina, and Muslim women, as well as LGBTQ individuals. The presentations were then tested with focus groups comprised of gatekeepers and members from local community and faith-based organizations which served the targeted populations. Feedback from focus groups and gatekeepers was incorporated into the presentations, and if necessary, the presentations were translated. Subsequently, the presentations were re-tested for appropriateness and reviewed for consistency in message, design, educational information, and slide sequencing. Our experience demonstrated the importance of collaborating with community organizations to provide educational content that is culturally and linguistically appropriate for minority groups facing barriers to uptake of screening mammography.

关键词： Quality function deployment   Linguistics   Decision making   Manufacturing   Planning   Electric vehicles   Companies   Electric vehicle   extended hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set   prospect theory   quality function deployment  

摘要： Quality function deployment (QFD) is an efficient planning and problem-solving method to convert customer requirements (CRs) into the engineering characteristics (ECs) of a product or service. Nevertheless, in the traditional QFD, the assessment of relationships between CRs and ECs and the prioritization of ECs have been criticized for various reasons in previous studies. This paper aims to propose a novel QFD method integrating extended hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (EHFLTSs) and prospect theory to overcome the limitations of the traditional QFD. First, EHFLTSs are used for the elicitation of hesitant linguistic assessment information of QFD team members. Considering the interrelations between CRs, Choquet integral is applied to obtain the aggregated relationship evaluation results. An extended prospect theory is suggested to derive the ranking orders of ECs. Finally, the efficiency and effectiveness of the presented QFD method are illustrated by an example of an electric vehicle manufacturing company.

摘要： Aim To identify barriers to/enablers of attendance at eye screening among three groups of immigrantsto Canada from cultural/linguistic minority groups living with diabetes. Methods Using a patient-oriented research approach leveraging Diabetes Action Canada's patient engagement platform, we interviewed a purposeful sample of people with type 2 diabetes who had immigrated to Canada from: Pakistan (interviews in Urdu), China (interviews in Mandarin) and French-speaking African and Caribbean nations (interviews in French). We collected and analysed data based on the Theoretical Domains Framework covering key modifiable factors that may operate as barriers to or enablers of attending eye screening. We used directed content analysis to code barrier/enabler domains. Barriers/enablers were mapped to behaviour change techniques to inform future intervention development. Results We interviewed 39 people (13 per group). Many barriers/enablers were consistent across groups, including views about harms caused by screening itself, practical appointment issues including forgetting, screening costs, wait times and making/getting to an appointment, lack of awareness about retinopathy screening, language barriers, and family and clinical support. Group-specific barriers/enablers included a preference to return to one's country of birth for screening, the impact of winter, and preferences for alternative medicine. Conclusion Our results can inform linguistic and culturally competent interventions to support immigrants living with diabetes in attending eye screening to prevent avoidable blindness.

关键词： written language   literacy   language disorders   communication disorders   exceptionalities  

摘要： The purpose of this study was (a) to compare the single-word spelling performance of first graders across four groups that varied by speech and language status;and (b) to determine the linguistic predictors of first-grade spelling for children with speech and/or language impairment compared to children with typical development. First-grade children (N = 529) completed measures of spelling, early word reading, expressive vocabulary, phonological awareness, and morphosyntactic knowledge. Children with language impairment, with or without speech impairments, demonstrated lower spelling performance than children with typical development;children with speech impairment only did not differ from children with typical development. In addition, early word reading and phonological awareness predicted spelling performance, regardless of group. Study findings indicate that language status, but not speech status, is a risk factor for low spelling performance in first grade, and that first-grade spelling instruction should focus on developing early word reading and phonological awareness.