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关键词： 中国农业出版社   传统教育观念   教学特征   课堂实践   英美文学   生态语言学   语言模式   多维度教学模式  

摘要： 生态语言学是生态学与语言学的综合,其研究目标为通过将自然、社会、价值、人文等生态元素融入语言学来开辟新的语言模式。这对于语言教育产生了深远影响,不仅揭示与批判了传统教育观念的狭隘性,而且为语言教学革新提供了有力支撑。英美文学教学属于语言教学的一种类型,其依托生态语言学理念进行革新可谓任重而道远。《基于生态思想的英美文学多维研究》(陈倩、陈陵娣著,中国农业出版社2020年版)的课堂实践使人们深刻认识到生态语言学视角下英美文学的教学特征,既为发现并解决当前英美文学教学存在的问题提供了指导,也为构建先进的英美文学多维度教学模式奠定了基础。

关键词： Probabilistic linguistic term sets   Score function   Multi-attribute decision-making   TOPSIS   VIKOR  

摘要： Probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) can express the qualitative information of decision makers more accurately in the complicated linguistic setting. However, the existing comparison methods for PLTSs cannot compare some special PLTSs. To tackle this problem, a novel score function based on the concentration degree of an PLTS, called ScoreC-PLTS, is proposed. Additionally, the existing distance measures may distort the original information and lead to unreasonable results. Therefore, a novel probability splitting algorithm is proposed to preprocess PLTSs, based on which, a novel generalized hybrid distance is proposed for PLTSs. Moreover, a novel multiplicative analytic hierarchy process (MAHP) based on ScoreC-PLTS is proposed to determine the weight vector of attributes. Based on the generalized hybrid distance and MAHP, two novel TOPSIS-ScoreC-PLTS and VIKOR-ScoreC-PLTS methods are put forward to handle multi-attribute decision-making problems with PLTSs. Afterwards, an illustrative example concerning the selection of children English educational organization is solved using the proposed TOPSIS-ScoreC-PLTS and VIKOR-ScoreC-PLTS methods. In this example, four indicators are developed and the superiority of our studies is verified by comparing with the previous TOPSIS and VIKOR methods. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Concept lattice   Property-oriented linguistic concept lattice   Linguistic term set   Rule extraction   Uncertainty reasoning  

摘要： Aiming at the difficult problems of dealing with mass linguistic information in uncertain environment, this paper mainly focuses on a linguistic reasoning algorithm based on property-oriented linguistic concept lattice by combining concept lattice and neural network. Specifically, we present a property-oriented linguistic concept lattice to express linguistic information between concepts based on linguistic term set. Furthermore, we are devoted to the study of rule extraction of fuzzy linguistic formal decision context by constructing property-oriented linguistic decision concepts. In order to obtain more decision knowledge from known linguistic rules, an extension method of linguistic decision rules is developed, which takes advantage of the dominance relation between similar rules on the premise of consistent property-oriented linguistic decision rules. In addition, we construct a multiple multidimensional linguistic reasoning model for predicting uncertain decision information. Moreover, we input a multiple multidimensional linguistic reasoning model with property-oriented linguistic decision information into neural network to obtain unknown decision results, which can not only improve the accuracy of inference results but also reduce the loss of linguistic information. Finally, some experiments are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gatekeeping   Interviews   University of Cambridge   Undergraduate admissions   Interactional sociolinguistics  

摘要： The Cambridge University Admissions Interview is a gatekeeping encounter in which academic staff members question, and evaluate, prospective undergraduates on the subject they have applied to study. It is politically controversial as admittance to Cambridge brings unparalleled educational and professional advantages, yet privately-educated candidates are disproportionately successful, and thus appear to have greater "linguistic capital" at interview, when compared with their state-educated peers. Using the techniques of interactional sociolinguistics, the following paper details the shifting interactional requirements of six admissions interviews in English Literature. It finds that a successful interview performance is, in fact, determined by a candidate's ability to manage the (sometimes opposed) requirements of being both a responsive student and a convincing peer academic. Such requirements are shown to cut across, and problematize, the direct relationship perceived to exist between socio-educational background, linguistic capital and success at interview. The results from this study are used both to draw out the differences between the admissions interview and other types of interview setting, as well as to suggest research pathways for research. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： connectives   formal thought disorder   first episode psychosis   linguistics  

摘要： Aim Thought disorder is a core feature of schizophrenia but assessment of disordered thinking is challenging, which may contribute to the paucity of mechanistic understanding of disorganization in early psychosis. We studied the use of linguistic connectives in relation to clinically quantified dimensions of thought disorder using automated speech analysis in untreated, first episode psychosis (FEPs) and healthy controls (HCs). Methods 39 treatment-naive, actively psychotic FEPs and 23 group matched HCs were recruited. Three one-minute speech samples were induced in response to photographs from the Thematic Apperception Test and speech was analysed using COH-METRIX software. Five connectives variables from the Coh-Metrix software were reduced using principle component analysis, resulting in two linguistic connectives factors. Thought disorder was assessed using the Thought Language Index (TLI) and the PANSS-8. Results Connective factors predicted disorganization, but not impoverishment suggesting aberrant use of connectives is specific to positive thought disorder. An independent t test comparing low and high disorganization FEPs showed higher load of acausal temporal connectives in high disorganization FEPs compared to low disorganization FEPs (mean [SD] in high vs low disorganization FEPs = 0.64 (1.1) vs -0.37 (1.02);t = 2.91, P = .006). Acausal-temporal connectives were not correlated with severity of symptoms or cognition suggesting connective use is a specific index of disorganized thinking rather than overall illness status. Conclusions Clinical assessment of disorganization in psychosis is likely linked to the aberrant use of connectives resulting in an intuitive sense of incoherence. In early psychosis, thought disorder may be reliably quantifiable using automated syntax analysis.

关键词： Writing   Autobiography   Elementary school   Systemic functional linguistics   Teaching and learning cycle   Professional development   Student writing   Narrative analysis  

摘要： Teaching writing has evolved from a focus on product to an emphasis on process. More recently, interest in genre pedagogy informed by systemic functional linguistics (SFL) has emerged. This article reports on a narrative analysis of a 3rd grade teacher's development of writing instruction. This teacher participated for 10 years in a school-university collaboration at a U.S. urban elementary school with a multilingual population. SFL genre pedagogy, instruction that draws content from SFL theory and instructional practices from the teaching and learning cycle (TLC) (Rose & Martin, 2012;Shi & Chen, 2020), successfully scaffolded writing instruction for bilingual students of different levels of English proficiency. Participation in a long term, whole school, collaborative professional development, with full principal support, allowed this teacher to evolve in the way he taught autobiography writing over the span of four years. Classroom observations revealed the steady transformation of instruction and the changes in the writing of four cohorts of bilingual students. This study adds to the extant research on the impact of SFL genre pedagogy on writing development and illustrates the value of professional development that is long term and gives agency to teachers to adapt SFL genre pedagogy to their students' needs. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Central dogma of modern synthesis   DNA linguistics   Genetic code   Linguistics   Metaphor  

摘要： Metaphors involve immense explanatory power and positive impact predominantly in the scientific education and popularization. Still the use of metaphors in science might be a double-edged sword. Introduction of the computer metaphor to many scientific fields in the last century resulted in reductionist approaches, oversimplifications and mechanistic explanations in science as well as in humanities. In this short commentary we developed further the computer metaphor by prof. Noble and the illusions this metaphor led to in genetics, linguistics and consequently DNA linguistics.

关键词： Research article titles   Titlelogy   Direct speech   Linguistics  

摘要： This paper investigates the uses and scholarly impact of quoted/direct speech in research article titles (e.g., "I Know I'm Generalizing but horizontal ellipsis ": How Teachers' Perceptions Influence ESL Learner Placement) across the 50 highest-listed linguistics journals according to Clarivate Analytics' inCites Journal Citation Reports. The aims of the study were to: (1) uncover the prevalence of titles featuring quoted speech between 1980 and 2019, (2) describe how directly reported speech is utilised structurally in article titles, and (3) investigate the effects of various patterns of use of quotations on articles' age-weighted citation rates. 640 linguistics articles with speech act titles were uncovered, occurring with an incidence of 1.8% in the dataset (n = 36,438), although their prevalence has risen significantly since 2004. Structural analysis revealed 90.9% of quotations were contained in the first segment of a compound title, serving to create an information gap (often for the purposes of provoking interest or intrigue), which is resolved in the second segment;the research article's topic. Regression analysis showed that speech act titles were significant negative determinants of articles' age-weighted citations, particularly the prevalent pattern of compound structures featuring a quotation phrased as a declarative. The length of the quotation was found to exert no significant effect, although quotations that were not marked by single or double quotation marks were found to have an especially suppressed scholarly impact.

关键词： 语言学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787030674821

摘要： 本書以明末《鹽邑志林》叢書中的字書《玉篇直音》爲研究對象，在全面梳理《玉篇直音》文本的基礎之上，認爲該書具有“海篇”類字書的屬性。同時，綜合使用了系聯、比較及文獻考證等方法，歸納出《玉篇直音》的語音系統，即聲母30個、韻母50個、聲調8個。《玉篇直音》在聲、韻、調方面的若干語音特點折射出其乃一部吳音性質的字書，對於探尋400年來海鹽吳音的歷史演變具有重要的參照意義。