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关键词： cohesiveness   instrumental   linguistics   meaning of words   sensory   Sketch Engine  

摘要： Cohesiveness is a widely used term in the food texture literature. Authors of this literature employ divergent methodologies, and can be divided into those who assess texture through sensory evaluation and those who use instrumental techniques. Within each of these disciplines, there are some specialized uses of the word, creating discipline specific terms such as "cohesiveness of mass." The fact that many researchers attempt to (re)define cohesiveness, does suggest that the term is not universally understood. This blurring arises partly from the abstract nature of what it describes and also from ill matching measurements being used to quantify it. A widely agreed definition is that cohesiveness is "the strength of the internal bonds making up the body of the product," yet a challenge continues to be how we can measure it. Using the Sketch Engine corpus analysis interface to examine a corpus of articles from the food texture literature in the periods 2002-2017, the contexts in which the word stem "cohes*" is used were explored. Collocation analysis suggests that in addition to considerable commonality in the way that "cohesiveness" combines with other terms, differences reflect the foci of the disciplines with the instrumental community predominantly dealing with physical measurement while the sensory community relate "cohesiveness" more to oral processing and texture perception.

ISBN: (纸本)9787030688798

ISBN: (纸本)9787030689078

关键词： aggregation operators   information measures   linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy set   multicriteria group decision making   TOPSIS  

摘要： This article presents a new family of linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy aggregation operations based on Einstein t-norms and t-conorms. Some of their necessary properties are also discussed. In the proposed method, a generalized weighted distance measure is developed using a linguistic-scale function to evaluate differences among linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy sets (LPFSs). An entropy measure is also introduced for LPFS to measure fuzziness associated with linguistic decision information. Moreover, a technique for ordering preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS)-based methodology is constructed through the newly defined concepts to address linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy multicriteria group decision-making problems, where the information about weight is either completely known or unknown. Subsequently, weights of decision makers are computed through a TOPSIS-based algorithm, and weights of criteria are evaluated by introducing a linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy entropy weight model. To minimize information loss throughout the decision-making procedure, aggregation is done at the final stage for obtaining the final ranking of alternatives. Finally, several practical examples are considered, solved, and compared with existing methods to exhibit the robustness of the proposed methodology. Also, a sensitivity analysis is performed to establish the dynamic nature of the proposed model.

关键词： 外国文学   文学研究   文集   语言学   国外  

ISBN: (纸本)9787309157246

摘要： 本论丛收录语言学、文学和翻译学三大板块20余篇论文。其中语言学板块涉及日语格助词研究、现代语言学的系统观等；文学板块为本论丛重点，包括美国犹太中短片小说研究专栏和英美文学专栏，主要论文有：《大屠杀阴影笼罩下的流散犹太人之悲剧人格》《伯纳德-马拉默德短篇小说中的生存困境与救赎》《在“后真相”时代重温后现代主义戏剧-汤姆斯托帕德的中“元传记”的运用》《永远的“坏”孩子-马克·吐温儿童文学作品中的儿童观研究》《灵魂之旅与语言重复-克里斯蒂娜·罗塞蒂悟道诗中的神秘主义美学》《从摆脱他者到超越自我-苏珊·桑塔格?

关键词： 2‐   tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy sets   cumulative prospect theory   multiple attribute group decision‐   making   TODIM method  

摘要： On the basis of previous scholars' research, we improve the traditional TOmada de Decisao Interativa e Multicriterio (TODIM) along with Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) under the 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy sets (2TLPFSs) in this article. First of all, we give some definitions of Pythagorean fuzzy sets, 2TLPFSs, and the 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy weighted average as well as 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy weighted geometric operators. After that, according to the existing researches, we simply introduce the TODIM method and TODIM method under 2TLPFSs. Furthermore, we propose the TODIM method based on CPT (CPT-TODIM) for multiple attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) with 2TLPFSs. Finally, a numerical example about company credit risk assessment is used to explain the new proposed method. Comparing with other methods, there is no doubt that this new method has superiority. To be exact, because the new method fully considers the mental factors of decision makers, it can better solve the uncertainty of MAGDM and improve the rationality of decision-making.

关键词： ableism   clinical sociolinguistics   disability   pathologized speakers   Taiwan  

摘要： Speakers of pathologized speech have not received much attention from sociolinguists. This article explores the stylistic practices of deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) people who demonstrate pathologized variants. This article adopts minimal pair reading and story reading to elicit various stylistic practices, as part of a larger project that aims to describe and empower DHH speech. Results show that DHH speakers who have experiences of medicalization are also the ones who consider learning the speech of hearing people necessary. A portion of these speakers embody their ideological stance-converging towards hearing speech-in the minimal pair reading.

关键词： 英语  

ISBN: (纸本)9787206182464

摘要： 本书主要包括：语言学与英语翻译教学概述、英语翻译教学现状与策略、基于英语语法翻译教学、基于话语标记语的英语翻译教学、基于主体交往教学的英语翻译教学等内容。

关键词： prominence   positional prominence   prosodic prominence   Korean   English  

摘要： Prominence, the expression of informational weight within utterances, can be signaled by prosodic highlighting (head-prominence, as in English) or by position (as in Korean edge-prominence). Prominence confers processing advantages, even if conveyed only by discourse manipulations. Here we compared processing of prominence in English and Korean, using a task that indexes processing success, namely recognition memory. In each language, participants' memory was tested for target words heard in sentences in which they were prominent due to prosody, position, both or neither. Prominence produced recall advantage, but the relative effects differed across language. For Korean listeners the positional advantage was greater, but for English listeners prosodic and syntactic prominence had equivalent and additive effects. In a further experiment semantic and phonological foils tested depth of processing of the recall targets. Both foil types were correctly rejected, suggesting that semantic processing had not reached the level at which word form was no longer available. Together the results suggest that prominence processing is primarily driven by universal effects of information structure;but language-specific differences in frequency of experience prompt different relative advantages of prominence signal types. Processing efficiency increases in each case, however, creating more accurate and more rapidly contactable memory representations.

关键词： cultural adaptation   interpretation   linguistic adaptation   translations  

摘要： Predominantly Spanish-speaking Latinx individuals are underrepresented in research, and one primary barrier is the lack of infrastructure to effectively engage, among them, adequate cultural and linguistic adaptation of research measures. Capitalizing on existing recommendations for appropriate and ethical engagement of Latinx individuals in research, we present a comprehensive approach to cultural and linguistic adaptation, and describe the application of this approach in the context of an ongoing longitudinal, observational, community-engaged study that follows a cohort of young adult Latinx immigrants (ages 18-44) in the Southeastern region of the United States who were predominantly Spanish-speakers (N = 391). We describe barriers that researchers may face in their pursuit of cultural and linguistic adaptation and offset these challenges with tangible solutions. We discuss lessons learned through our application to a research study. This approach holds promise for reducing barriers to participation in research and health disparities in predominantly Spanish-speaking Latinx individuals, who represent a population that is growing in size in the United States yet is still underrepresented as research participants and in the research workforce.