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关键词： Clinical learning environment   Cultural and linguistic diversity   Nursing students   Clinical supervision   Preceptors  

摘要： Background: Undergraduate nursing students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds experience unique challenges with their learning needs during clinical placements. There is limited research on clinical supervisors' perspectives of the factors impacting clinical learning experience of nursing students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds during placement. Objectives: This study sought to identify clinical supervisors' perspectives of the factors impacting on the clinical learning experience of nursing students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds and strategies to overcome challenges. Design: A qualitative research design using semi-structured interviews. Methods: Nine nurses who had experience supervising culturally and linguistically diverse nursing students were interviewed as part of data collection. Thematic analysis was used for data interpretation. Results: Identified factors include: Poor proficiency in English language, unfamiliarity with Australian slang and medical terminologies, cultural expectations interfering with professional responsibilities, incongruity with teaching delivery and learning style, short duration of placement, inconsistency with preceptor allocation and inadequate preceptor training. Conclusion: Recommendations to facilitate the learning of nursing students from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds on clinical placement include flexibility with assessments, modifying teaching styles according to learning needs, providing appropriate orientation, creating a welcoming environment, providing consistency with allocation of preceptors, and providing appropriate training for preceptors. Inconsistency in preceptor allocation was reported to have a negative influence on CALD student learning. A collaborative approach between Universities and the health care settings is essential in assisting clinical supervisors to address the unique learning needs of nursing students fro

关键词： Health literacy   online education materials   breast cancer   language   patient education  

摘要： Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the readability of breast cancer online patient educational materials (OPEM) written in Spanish and to compare to equivalent English-language OPEM. Methods: The breast cancer-related terms cancer de seno (breast cancer), deteccion de cancer de seno (breast cancer screening), and biopsia de seno (breast biopsy) were queried using an online search engine. After each query, educational information related to the queried term was downloaded from each website appearing on the first five search engine result pages. Readability of Spanish-language OPEM was evaluated using the Crawford reading grade score. When available, equivalent English-language OPEM from the same website was then evaluated using the mean of five validated readability indices. Differences in readability, word count, and reading time between Spanishand English-language OPEM were compared using an unpaired t test. The Fisher exact test was used to compare the proportion of websites meeting AMA recommendations for patient educational resources. Results: Queries for cancer de seno, deteccion de cancer de seno, and biopsia de seno yielded 27, 31, and 30 results of term-specific OPEM. Equivalent English-language versions were available for 19 (70.4%), 18 (58.1%), and 20 (66.7%) websites, respectively. Spanish-language OPEM were written at a lower grade reading level than equivalent English-language versions overall (5.49 +/- 0.50 versus 7.77 +/- 1.95, P <.01). Spanish-language OPEM were also more likely than English-language OPEM to meet AMA recommendations (82.9% versus 40.4%, P <.01). Conclusions: Breast cancer-related Spanish-language OPEM were written at a significantly lower grade reading level compared with equivalent information written in English.

关键词： Consumer engagement   E-commerce   Brand communication   Online communities   Social media   Business analytics  

摘要： Creating brand posts that stimulate consumer engagement on social media is both vital and challenging to digital marketers. Despite previous research on this topic, to date, little is known about how the linguistic styles of brand posts influence consumer engagement. Based on the communication accommodation theory, brand anthropomorphism literature, and linguistic research, this paper examined the effects of three brand post linguistic styles, namely, emotionality, complexity, and informality, on consumer engagement. Through analyzing the 15,396 brand posts collected from 104 Facebook pages, we found that the linguistic styles of brand posts can impact consumer engagement, but the effects vary regarding the three consumer engagement behaviors (i.e., like, share, comment). The findings of this paper improve our understanding of the role that language plays in brandconsumer communications on social media as well as provide guidelines for social media marketers on how to design engaging brand posts from the perspective of linguistics.

关键词： Risk assessment   FMEA   free double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets   KEM method   SWARA method   extended COPRAS method   multiple attribute decision-making  

摘要： Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is an effective tool for prioritization of the failures by identifying and eliminating potential risks, free double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (FDHHFLTS) can describe the hesitation more accurately and reasonably by adding the free second hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic terms, and multiattribute decision-making (MADM) methods have advantages in ranking and selecting different alternatives. By considering the advantages of MADM methods and FMEA model, in this paper, we propose a novel model to evaluate the risk failure modes (FMs) under FDHHFLTS context. First, an extended Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) method is proposed to address the risk assessment problems. The proposed risk assessment model is utilized to assess and rank the FMs to address the limitations of the traditional FMEA. Second, a weight determination model is constructed based on the Kemeny Median (KEM) method and Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method, which can make the weight more practical and effective under the situation of completely unknown weights. Finally, the proposed model is used to the case of logistics enterprises' risk assessment. The application of the case shows the feasibility of the proposed model, and the comparisons with some existing methods illustrate the advantages of the proposed risk assessment model.

关键词： good language learner   language learner strategy   linguistic knowledge   listening strategies   second language listening  

摘要： The language learner strategies research field has often tried to identify the good language learner (GLL) by distinguishing more proficient from less proficient learners. However the notion of 'good' may be problematic without taking into account an individual's linguistic knowledge (LK). This article foregrounds LK in relation to strategy use in the context of 'listening to the teacher': a language use task relatively under-researched. Secondary school students in Hong Kong (n = 646) completed a questionnaire and tests of LK including vocabulary and grammar. Lower LK learners reported using more translation strategies, whereas those with higher LK reported using a range of additional strategies. A further cluster analysis, however, indicated that a sub-group of lower LK learners were comparably strategic with the higher LK group perhaps compensating for low LK via strategy deployment. This article provides evidence that strategy deployment when listening to the teacher is not wholly constrained by levels of LK. Pedagogical implications are suggested.

关键词： Early childhood education   Leadership   Teachers and administrators   Case study   Immigrant families  

摘要： The aim of this study was to investigate the conceptualizations and early childhood education (ECE) leadership practices among teachers and administrators. A case study was conducted at a community ECE center that mainly serves Hispanic and Haitian immigrant children and families in Southwest Florida. Three administrators and four ECE teachers were interviewed about their views and experiences with ECE leadership. After aggregating the data into clusters, five themes emerged: (1) vision-driven leadership, (2) inclusive leadership (3) practice-focused leadership, (4) freedom and ownership vs. close supervision, and (5) advocacy for ECE. The findings indicated that the participants held a shared vision of collaborative and inclusive ECE leadership, which was expanded to include culturally and linguistically diverse children and families. Also, the teachers highlighted a pedagogical leadership style that directly impacted their everyday classroom practices to facilitate children's and parents' leadership experiences. All participants advocated ECE programs in which quality early care and education are ensured through inclusive leadership. Both teachers' and administrators' willingness to invest in leadership training and practices indicated their commitment towards a shared and democratic leadership model which is a pathway toward social justice.

关键词： Tibeto-Burman   Eastern Himalayas   Millets   Buckwheat   Bhutan  

摘要： Little is known about the prehistoric domestication and cultivation of crops in the Eastern Himalayas (eastern Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh), due to a lack of archaeological and archaeobotanical research in the area. This paper reconstructs the lexical terminology for grains in the East Bodish language sub-family in Eastern Bhutan. Historical linguistic methods suggest that the immediate ancestors of the modern East Bodish speakers cultivated buckwheat (Fagopyrum) and barley (Hordeum) but not millets or rice. Buckwheat was traditionally thought to have been domesticated in Southwest China;however, this research reveals that cultivation (and potentially subsequent domestication) may have taken place among East Bodish language speakers or their ancestors. These findings also pose a challenge for studies which seek to reconstruct millets to ancestral Tibeto-Burman speaking populations.

关键词： comfort   guided imagery   NLP   open-heart surgery   postoperative pain  

摘要： Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the effects of neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) and guided imagery on postoperative pain and comfort after openheart surgery. Methods: In the current, prospective, randomized, single-blind clinical study, the participants received NLP with a new behavior formation technique or the guided imagery relaxation technique using an audio compact disc for a duration of 30 min. Results: The patients in the NLP group had significantly lower posttest pain levels, compared to the patients in the guided imagery and control groups. Moreover, the patients in the guided imagery group had significantly higher posttest comfort levels, compared to the patients in the NLP and control groups. Conclusion: The application of both NLP and guided imagery interventions resulted in reduced postoperative pain and increased postoperative comfort levels after open-heart surgery.

关键词： Competence   Identity   Linguistic capital   Ownership  

摘要： This article investigates the discourses of professional identities and linguistic capital formation communicated by international scholars in the STEM disciplines in the US university context. In so doing, the study examines interviews of 17 such individuals and identifies two key discursive processes: the formation of a marketable self and the enactment of the legitimacy of World Englishes. The first discursive process is used by the professionals to position themselves as novice scholars needing to build necessary linguistic capital for employment and communication in the instructional setting. The second version of their discursive positioning, which was formed later in their career, demonstrates a competent self that legitimizes their existing linguistic capital and the ownership of non-Inner Circle Englishes for academic communication. As the participants position their identities vis-a =-vis their profession, they claim transformation of the self in defining their linguistic capital and competence across time and space. The findings overall show that the (re-)formation and conversion of international STEM scholars' linguistic capital are variously shaped by relations of power influenced by the linguistic market and their respective disciplinary communities. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： anthropomorphism   APA   author guidelines   ethical practices   inclusive language use   speciesism  

摘要： To promote a more open and more self-aware Applied Linguistics, we can consider how the many current and developing initiatives and resources in the field can be instruments for achieving a better world. For instance, applied linguists have examined such issues as inclusiveness (e.g., avoiding generic he) and the interface between language and environmental destruction. The purpose of this article, based on the same spirit of inclusiveness and addressing global concerns, is to highlight an observation about the instruction on the restrictive use of "who" with human beings in the recent seventh edition of the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (2020), as a case in point to contribute to the wider discussion on inclusive language use and a respect for nonhuman animals. We invite fellow applied linguists to reflect on this issue together.