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关键词： 雅各布森   鲁利亚   神经语言学   外语教学  

摘要： 在20世纪西方科学家主导的大脑与语言关系研究陷入实证主义危机之际,以雅各布森、鲁利亚等学者为代表的20世纪俄罗斯神经语言学派对西方学派研究起到了承上启下的作用,推动了神经语言学科的建立与进一步发展。本文尝试梳理20世纪俄罗斯神经语言学发展历程,对比西方流派研究范式,探究俄罗斯学派能克服实证主义中"科学"与"人文"矛盾的原因,并提出在其研究范式及相关学说的启发下,我们在外语教学中应如何实现人才培养目标的转型,即转向培养学生获取语言知识和提升思维的能力。

关键词： 学科语言   地理知识   词汇手册   词汇文化   地理环境   文化的差异性   认知语言学   视阈下  

摘要： 随着社会的不断发展,越来越多的文化事物和现象融入学科发展,使学科语言研究得到了拓展。特定的地理环境形成特定的文化,而特定的文化又产生了特定的语言,在地理与文化紧密关系的促进下,地理学科语言充满了地域文化特征,尤其是地理词汇及其文化内涵,有效反映和彰显了不同地理环境中民族文化的差异性。由余佳和云烨编著、上海外语教育出版社出版的《英汉·汉英地理学词汇手册》一书,收录了大量英、汉地理词汇,为相关人员学习地理专业英语、丰富地理知识提供了帮助。本文将结合《英汉·汉英地理学词汇手册》一书,从认知语言学视角,分析英、汉地理词汇的文化内涵,以期为提升我国学生对英语地理词汇的接受和理解能力提供理论指导。

关键词： Steganography   Information hidden   Linguistic steganography   Arabic text steganography   Arabic calligraphy  

摘要： In linguistic steganography, languages' features are employed to hide information. The Arabic language has a rich set of features which have not been utilized until now in this area. In particular, Arabic calligraphy contains multiple fonts and multiple shapes of Arabic alphabet letters. In this paper, a framework that uses Arabic calligraphy to hide information is proposed. The phases of the framework are preparation phase, embedding phase and extraction phase. The embedding phase uses string matching to generate stego text and accompanying letter shapes according to a secret message. The framework also includes corpus creation and a modification of the Aho-Corasick string-matching algorithm. The Arabic font Naskh was used as a case study. A set of Arabic poetry and proverbs were used as a dataset. The framework was evaluated on capacity and security. Because the visual difference between the cover and the stego-cover must be unnoticeable to the human in any stego-system, the security in this framework is satisfying due there is no cover used. The cover represents the secret message itself and it provides high capacity to hide data also. The evaluation showed the potential of using the multiple shapes of Arabic letters to satisfy steganography requirements. (c) 2019 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： 英语   教学研究   高等学校  

ISBN: (纸本)9787206184765

摘要： 本书分六章，内容包括：高校英语教学概述、高校英语教学的词汇学应用、高校英语教学的句法学应用、认知语言学视角下的高校英语教学应用、功能语言学视角下的高校英语教学应用等。

关键词： Mild traumatic brain injury   Linguistic factors   Diagnostic terminology   Brain injury  

摘要： In this study, we sought to explore if linguistic factors impact the diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). More specifically, we examined if the meaning of acute injury characteristics that determine whether an mTBI was sustained systematically differed across linguistically diverse populations. A total of 296 participants (68% female;33% of South Asian descent;42% second generation Canadian) were administered an mTBI Criterion Questionnaire where they were asked to define the diagnostic terms "dazed," "disoriented," and "confused." These words were analyzed and placed into an appropriate validated word category scale (i.e., self-reference, social, positive emotion, negative emotion, and cognitive) using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software program. There were no significant differences between native-English and limited English proficiency (i.e., non-native-English) speaker groups for the diagnostic terms "dazed" and "confused." However, there were significant differences between these language groups for the diagnostic term "disoriented." Our findings suggest that individuals that have limited English proficiency may be subject to additional distortions in symptom reporting. Clinicians should be particularly mindful of linguistic differences in patient interpretation of acute injury characteristics in the context of establishing a diagnosis of mTBI.

关键词： Chronotope   Linguistic landscape   Discursive identity   Working class   Urban village   Chinese internal rural-urban migrants  

摘要： This paper draws on the notion of chronotope to investigate linguistic landscape (LL) signs of an urban migrant community on the out skirts of Beijing. Internal rural migrant workers have relocated to urban centers for labor-intensive jobs on a massive scale since the 1980s when China underwent rapid economic changes. While many migrant workers are preoccupied with their jobs, some have built a community center to record their migrant histories, to voice their concerns as a marginalized social group and to construct their identity as legitimate workers. This paper argues that the LL signs of this migrant community center invoke multiple chronotopes and need to be understood in complex timespace frames. The analyses of three examples show that the migrant workers use painting and other creative ways of representation in public space to address their economic position and social identification in a globalizing China. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multi-granular fuzzy linguistic modeling   Probabilistic linguistic term sets   Prospect theory   Muirhead mean operator  

摘要： Multi-granular fuzzy linguistic modeling enables evaluators to express opinions with several linguistic term sets, but it cannot simultaneously reflect hesitancy and preference degrees of decision makers (DMs). To solve this issue, we introduce probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) and investigate multi-granular probabilistic linguistic (MGPL) modeling. We first redescribe the multiplication and exponentiation of PLTSs by using the sign function to enhance their universality and generalization. Since multi-input arguments are interrelated and DMs have different psychological cognition, we then define prospect probabilistic linguistic Muirhead mean (PPLMM) operator and prospect probabilistic linguistic weighted Muirhead mean (PPLWMM) operator to fuse MGPL information (MGPLI). Moreover, we improve prospect theory (PT) based on PLTSs' new operational laws (i.e., multiplication and exponentiation) and extend it to MGPLI environment. Finally, an integrated multi-granular probabilistic linguistic modeling based on proposed PT and PPLWMM operator is constructed and applied to solve probabilistic linguistic multiple attribute decision-making problems.

关键词： Disaster preparedness   CALD   People with disabilities   Co-production   Disability inclusive disaster risk reduction (DIDRR)  

摘要： Fifteen percent of the global population live with some form of disability with refugees, migrants, indigenous peoples and prisoners with disabilities facing particular challenges accessing services. Despite this, people with disabilities are overlooked in disaster preparedness activities. In Australia, 29.7% of the population are born overseas and there is little understanding of how people with disabilities from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities are prepared and able to respond to disaster triggered by natural hazard (e.g. flood) and other emergencies. Disability Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction (DIDRR) is an approach that directs attention to the support needs of people with disabilities, in interaction with their environment, to plan and prepare for emergencies. This project implemented a co-production approach building the capacity of our community partner to co-develop sustainable resources and build disaster preparedness awareness and action among people with disabilities from CALD communities in the flood-prone Hawkesbury-Nepean region in Australia. This paper reports on the outcomes of the workshops as well as reflection on the benefits, challenges and lessons learnt from the co-production approach that was used.

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关键词： consensus reach process   decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory   expert weights   multicriteria group decision making   multigranular hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets   Otsu  

摘要： The decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) is widely recognized as an effective way to identify the key elements of a complex system and establish a causal relationship between the criteria. To extend the effective use of the DEMATEL method in multicriteria group decision making problems, we propose some improvements for traditional DEMATEL. The direct-influence matrix is a pairwise comparison matrix of the influence level between criteria, which is the basis of the DEMATEL method. Instead of utilizing crisp numbers to assess the level of direct-influence, each expert provides evaluation with hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTSs) based on an individual linguistic term set, that is, multigranular hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets. To obtain a reasonable and satisfying collective DIM, we propose the expert weights model based on the similarity and entropy of HFLTSs and introduce the consensus reach process that is an iterative and dynamic process of modifying experts' opinions more similar or closer to obtain the satisfying group solution. Considering the increasing complexity of the decision environment and the intricate relationship between the criteria, the Otsu method is applied to determine the threshold value of the total-influence matrix that is the sum of the direct influence and indirect influence and thus eliminate some unnecessary influence. Finally, the feasibility of the improved method is illustrated by an example of information warfare and analysis. Comparative results are presented to show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.