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关键词： Linguistic group decision-making   Unbalanced linguistic distribution assessments   Asymmetric trapezoidal clouds   Numerical scale models   TODIM-PROMETHEE II method and industrial wastewater discharge evaluation  

摘要： Linguistic group decision-making issues occur very frequently in practical decision situations. As a kind of information representation, unbalanced linguistic distribution assessments (ULDAs) are commonly utilized in the linguistic group decision-making process. To thoroughly well describe linguistic information, a numerical concept is developed, namely asymmetric trapezoidal cloud (ATC) models. These models overcome the inherent limitation of cloud models, and they are followed by a series of related contents involving a comparison method, distance measure and operational rule. Then, a rational conversion method is proposed to establish a bridge between ULDAs and ATCs. To meet our research requirements, extended linguistic scale functions (LSFs) are introduced to create a map from linguistic terms to numerical values;the map is based on numerical scale (NS) models. Subsequently, two types of decision support models are presented to solve multicriteria group decision-making issues: ATC power average (ATCPA)-based and TODIM-PROMETHEE II-based decision support models. An illustrative case study involving the evaluation of industrial sewage discharge is utilized to validate the feasibility of our decision support models, and it is followed by an analytical comparison and discussion. The findings demonstrate that our work has an excellent performance and some practical implications.

关键词： MABAC method   MOOCs evaluation   multigranular hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set   multiple attribute group decision-making   unbalanced linguistic term set  

摘要： Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are very popular in China, and it is very important to evaluate and improve them. In this paper, a new evaluation method for MOOCs based on multi-attribute group decision-making is proposed. First, an evaluation index system of MOOCs is constructed, which contains six elements and 16 indicators, and multigranular unbalanced hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (MGUHFLTS) is adopted to describe these indicators. Then based on MGUHFLTS, the aggregation operators are developed, including the multigranularity unbalanced hesitant fuzzy linguistic weighted averaging operator and the multigranularity unbalanced hesitant fuzzy linguistic order weighted averaging operator, moreover, a novel multi-attributive border approximation area comparison model based on MGUHFLTS is proposed. This model is testified validity and superiority by comparison with other three methods and is applied in evaluation of MOOCs. After ranking five MOOCs, each indicator is analyzed to show how they influenced each element and suggestions are given.

摘要： Corporate social irresponsibility and corporate misconducts are a severe threat to the endeavours to establish more responsible business practices. Therefore, academia and practice alike try to find ways to anticipate these behaviors. In this regard, linguistic analysis can provide an approach to detect decoupling tendencies of firms, that is to identify firms that fail to walk the talk. This paper examines how the sustainability reports of eight manufacturing firms in the automotive and aircraft industries differ in regard to their linguistic composition. By applying the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software, we emphasize how sustainability reports of decouplers and implementors differ in morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. The analysis reveals that decouplers, among other factors, communicate in a less cognitively complex way. As they use shorter sentences, more informal language, less past and future references, and fewer conjunctions, we derive that decouplers are characterized by a lower linguistic sophistication. Moreover, decouplers' reports can be classified by their linguistic hubris, which is defined by fewer emotional references, more self-references, less references to risk and anxiety, and heavy reliance on male language. The paper contributes to the debate on decoupling and corporate social irresponsibility, identifies linguistic antecedents of corporate misconduct, and enriches the domain of CSR reporting with a linguistic perspective. It supports the understanding of managers, policymakers and stakeholders of firms to evaluate whether a firm may fail to walk the talk.

关键词： Emergency planning   Linguistic minorities   Campus   Linguicism   Risk management   Hurricane Dorian  

摘要： Research concerning the behavior of international linguistic minorities at institutions of higher education during disasters is very limited. Many international groups suffer from discrimination based on language (linguicism) during disasters-their stories are not being told, and their voices are not being heard. The main objective of our study is to develop new knowledge about disaster-related behaviors of international linguistic minorities at institutions of higher education with a view toward enhancing overall campus emergency planning. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect and analyze data;62 subjects from the international community at University of Florida (UF), including foreign employees, international students, and foreign dependents, were surveyed shortly after the hurricane Dorian alert on campus. Additionally, 10 subjects from the UF international community were interviewed. The data analysis sought to provide insights into one main question: What were the key challenges facing international linguistic minorities at UF campus during the hurricane Dorian alert? Three comprehensive groups of challenges were found;disaster knowledge deficit and false perceptions, generic emergency communication, and inadequate disaster preparedness. The research findings provide insight into the experience of culturally different groups and offer practical and critical policy insights that help in developing more efficient disaster mitigation plans, and disaster risk-reduction strategies.

关键词： Clinical genomics   CALD   Healthcare interpreter   Genomic resources   Genomic testing  

摘要： Clinical genomic testing, analysis of your entire genetic material for healthcare purposes, is a complex topic for various medical specialities. Although Australia is a multicultural society, most genomic resources are produced in English which can make understanding challenging for people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. A mixed methods approach explored the views of healthcare interpreters and people from CALD backgrounds to identify knowledge gaps and inform the provision of more equitable services. Eighteen healthcare interpreters completed a survey from two public hospitals in Melbourne. Descriptive data analysis informed the four pilot interviews with individuals from CALD backgrounds identified through online advertisements. Interpreters revealed variable satisfaction with patient understanding of genomic concepts and suggested that basic training and resources on genomics would help facilitate interpretation. Three themes arose from the pilot interviews: (1) cultural factors;(2) perceptions of genomics;and (3) language barriers and complex terminology. Resources that consider cultural differences and language barriers will help to ensure people from CALD backgrounds are adequately informed about genomic testing. The pilot interviews will inform future in-depth studies of the views of people from the CALD community.

关键词： Dynamic fuzzy cognitive map   Linguistic variables   Distance function   Group consensus  

摘要： A fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) is an analysis tool that uses a graph structure to show the causal relationships of influence factors in a decision-making system. During the decision-making process, it is reasonable for experts to use linguistic variables to express their subjective opinions. However, few studies have discussed methods for aggregating the linguistic opinions of experts to reach a group consensus in FCM. In addition, the interaction weights among the factors in FCM will usually change over time in a real environment. Therefore, we applied the learning algorithm to adjust the interaction weights among the factors in the steps of FCM, after which we proposed a dynamic fuzzy cognitive map model with group consensus based on the linguistic evaluations in this study. Finally, we presented a case study using the proposed model to illustrate the development possibility of the Internet of Things (IoT) industry in Taiwan. According to the analysis results, we found that the development prospects for the IoT industry in Taiwan are optimistic. The four key factors for IoT industry development were found to be the degree of authorization and trust, the development of application technologies, the complexity of systems and equipment and cross-platform possibility.

关键词： Multi-granular unbalanced linguistic   information   Consensus reaching process   Bounded confidence   Minimum adjustment  

摘要： In group decision making problems, there exist the situations that decision makers may use unbalanced linguistic term sets that are not uniformly and symmetrically distributed to provide their linguistic assessments over alternatives. Moreover, due to the difference in knowledge and culture backgrounds, it is also possible that multi-granular linguistic term sets may also be used by decision makers. How to manage multi-granular unbalanced linguistic information in consensus-based group decision making has becoming an important topic in linguistic decision making. In this paper, we first revise Herrera's unbalanced linguistic term sets and propose a simplified linguistic computational model to fuse multi-granular unbalanced linguistic terms. Afterwards, for multi-criteria group decision making problems with multi-granular unbalanced linguistic information, we develop two optimization models to generate adjustment advice for decision makers who have to change his/her opinions in consensus reaching process, which consider both the bounded confidence levels and minimum adjustment of decision makers' linguistic assessments. Moreover, an algorithm is further proposed to help decision makers reach consensus in group decision making. Eventually, an application example for ERP system supplier selection and some simulation results are presented to illustrate and justify the consensus reaching algorithm.

关键词： language–   nature co‐   occurrence   protected area shared governance   administració   n compartida de las á   reas protegidas   coincidencia natural de lenguajes  

摘要： Africa contains much of Earth's biological and cultural-linguistic diversity, but conserving this diversity is enormously challenging amid widespread poverty, expanding development, social unrest, and rapidly growing human population. We examined UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Natural World Heritage Sites (WHSs) on continental Africa and nearby islands-48 protected areas containing globally important natural or combined natural and cultural resources-to gauge the potential for enlisting Indigenous peoples in their conservation. We used geographic information system technology to identify instances where Natural WHSs co-occur with Indigenous languages, a key indicator of cultural diversity. And, we compared the geographic ranges for 4 taxa and selected freshwater species with occurrence of all Indigenous languages within Natural WHSs and subsections of WHSs covered by the geographic extent of Indigenous languages to measure the correlation between linguistic and biological diversity. Results indicated that 147 languages shared at least part of their geographic extent with Natural WHSs. Instances of co-occurrence where a WHS, a language, or both were endangered marked localities particularly deserving conservation attention. We examined co-occurrence of all languages and all species, all languages and endangered species, and endangered languages and endangered species and found a correlation between linguistic and biological diversity that may indicate fundamental links between these very different measures of diversity. Considering only endangered species or endangered languages and species reduced that correlation, although considerable co-occurrence persisted. Shared governance of government-designated reserves is applicable for natural WHSs because it capitalizes on the apparent connection between culture and nature. Natural WHSs in Africa containing speakers of Indigenous languages present opportunities to conserve both

关键词： Computing with Extension principle   Intuitionistic fuzzy sets   Rough Sets   Symbolic method   Type-1 fuzzy sets  

摘要： A generalized computational framework for Computing with Words (CWW) using linguistic information (LI) was proposed by Prof. Yager. This framework is based on three steps: translation, manipulation and retranslation. Other works have independently proposed the Linguistic Computational Models (LCMs) to express the semantics of LI using Type-1 Fuzzy Sets and Ordinal term sets. The former is called the extension principle, and the latter, the symbolic method. We found that a high degree of similarity can be drawn between these methodologies and Yager's CWW framework, but no discussion exists in the literature of the similarity drawn between them. Further, the extension principle has a drawback: it considers LI to be equally weighted in the aggregation phase. Also, Intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and rough sets have gained popularity to model semantics of LI, but no CWW methodologies have been proposed using them. Thus, the novel contributions of this work are twofold. Firstly, showing the similarity of the linguistic computational models based on extension principle and symbolic method, to the Yager's generalized CWW framework. Secondly, proposing a new augmented flexible weighting for LCM based on the extension principle and two novel CWW methodologies based on IFS and rough sets. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc.