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关键词： 发现程序   生成   平行周遍原则   语言单位  

摘要： 语言还原程序是语言习得的最初过程,在此基础上才可能进一步讨论生成。生成语法的一个问题是没有很好地还原单位和规则,因此出现了生成能力过强和过弱的现象。结构语言学发现程序的本质是寻找单位,并通过单位的分布来控制规则。从语言还原程序的角度看,结构语言学发现程序的方向并没有错,并在田野调查中起着根本作用。只是结构语言学坚持线性分析并完全用分布来控制规则的思路遇到了现实困境,规则不完全是线性的。在规则和单位的还原过程中,重要的是区分不平行、平行不周遍和平行周遍几种组合。

关键词： 语料库   概述   现状   前景  

摘要： 后方法时代以来,语料库语言学在语 言研究的各个领域已有丰富的成果,越来越 多的学者意识到其重要意义与发展潜力。本 文着重围绕语料库研究概述、现状和发展前 景三个方面展开论述,以期推动国内语料库 语言学研究的发展。

关键词： 心智哲学   随附性   认知语言学   异态一元论  

摘要： 心智哲学所提出的问题涉及心理状态与身体和环境的物理状态之间的因果关系和假定的还原关系。既反对二元论又反对还原一元论的戴维森提出异态一元论,随附性理论是异态一元论的一个重要理论。该理论认为,所有属性和过程,包括思维的过程,随附于物理属性和过程。对于"随附性",争论激烈,有肯定也有否定。认知语言学即第二代认知语言学一直关注语言与心智的关系,认为概念结构和加工与现实世界密不可分,没有对现实物理世界的感知和认识,概念化在心智中就不可能实现。认知语言学的研究揭示出心智概念随附于物理经验这一事实,支持随附性理论。心智哲学应该关注概念问题,没有理由将认知语言学拒之门外。

关键词： experts' behavior   group decision making   linguistic preference relation   multiplicative consistent  

摘要： This article focuses on a group decision-making (GDM) approach based on the multiplicative consistency of linguistic preference relation (LPR) with experts' self-confidence and self-doubting (SC&SD) levels. To give their preferences, the experts use their knowledge of the experience according to their degree of SC&SD levels. First, we propose the concepts of multiplicative consistent LPR-SC&SD using the experts' general minimum self-confidence level and the maximum self-doubting level. We suggest then a consensus-building iterative process, that is, a consensus reaching process (CRP) algorithm to achieve multiplicative consistency of LPR-SC&SD according to identification and adjustment rules. A theorem is given for convergence of the CRP algorithm. In a GDM problem, social network analysis is studied for the experts to obtain their weight according to the degree of SC&SD. When we achieve the acceptable preferences of all the experts using the CRP algorithm of the multiplicative consistent LPR-SC&SD, then we aggregate all the preferences by the experts' weights. The aggregation of all preferences is also an LPR-SC&SD, known as the weight collective LPR-SC&SD. Finally, a case-by-case example and several comparative analyses are done with the current GDM processes to demonstrate the viability and applicability of the proposed GDM system.

ISBN: (纸本)9787559833273

关键词： 语言学   研究   文化语言学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787558174322

摘要： 研究语言学与跨文化交际首先需要考虑的是思维方式与跨文化交际。可以这样说，思维方式是沟通文化和语言的桥梁，同时它也是造成文化差异的一个重要原因。本书阐释了跨文化互动的理论、实践和研究，体现了跨文化交际过程的复杂性和跨文化交际学的多学科综合特征。书中所选的文化互动实例全部源于真实交际场合，反映了跨文化交际学的研究成果，能开阔读者的学术视野，为从事这一学科的研究者提供了新的方法，本书具有极高的学术价值和研究参考价值。

关键词： Matrix game   Linguitic intuitionisctic fuzzy numbers   Aggregation operators   Linear and nonlinear programming problems  

摘要： Game theory has found successful applications in different areas to handle competitive situations among different persons or organizations. Several extensions of ordinary game theory have been studied by the researchers to accommodate the uncertainty and vagueness in terms of payoffs and goals. Matrix games with payoffs represented by interval numbers, fuzzy numbers, and intuitionistic fuzzy numbers have considered only the quantitative aspects of the problems. But in many situations, qualitative information plays a crucial role in representing the payoffs of a game problem. This work presents a valuable study on matrix games with payoff represented by linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (LIFNs). First, the paper defines some new operational-laws for LIFNs based on linguistic scale function (LSF) and studies their properties in detail. Next, we define a new aggregation operator called 'generalized linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy weighted average (GLIFWA)'operator for aggregating LIFNs. Several properties and special cases of GLIFWA operator are also discussed. The LSF provides an ability to consider the different semantic situations in a single formulation during the aggregation process. Further, the paper introduces some basic results of matrix games with payoffs represented by LIFNs. We develop solution methods using a pair of auxiliary linear/nonlinear-programming models derived from a pair of nonlinear bi-objective programming models. Finally, a real-life numerical example is considered to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the developed methods.