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关键词： circadian   genomics   gene networks   noncoding RNA   chronotherapy  

摘要： To characterize the role of the circadian clock in mouse physiology and behavior, we used RNA-seq and DNA arrays to quantify the transcriptomes of 12 mouse organs over time. We found 43% of all protein coding genes showed circadian rhythms in transcription somewhere in the body, largely in an organ-specific manner. In most organs, we noticed the expression of many oscillating genes peaked during transcriptional "rush hours" preceding dawn and dusk. Looking at the genomic landscape of rhythmic genes, we saw that they clustered together, were longer, and had more splice-forms than nonoscillating genes. Systems-level analysis revealed intricate rhythmic orchestration of gene pathways throughout the body. We also found oscillations in the expression of more than 1,000 known and novel noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Supporting their potential role in mediating clock function, ncRNAs conserved between mouse and human showed rhythmic expression in similar proportions as protein coding genes. Importantly, we also found that the majority of best-selling drugs and World Health Organization essential medicines directly target the products of rhythmic genes. Many of these drugs have short half-lives and may benefit from timed dosage. In sum, this study highlights critical, systemic, and surprising roles of the mammalian circadian clock and provides a blueprint for advancement in chronotherapy.

关键词： 动物解剖   肉食性   游泳速度   翼膜   飞膜   栖息环境   动物生理学   动物学   植物性食物   草食性动物   表面积   杂食性动物   泛食性动物   物种  

摘要： 理论Ⅰ整套试题总分:93.8分,时间:180 min。可能是多选题,每个空格都需要填写。例如:注意:一些问题可能标记为"忽略"或"删除",不要回答这些内容。动物解剖与动物生理学17.(1.5分)(删除)18.A^D 4种动物的呼吸速率、心率和体温如下表所示:18.1.针对单位身体体积所对应的体表面积,对这4种动物按照从大到小的顺序进行排序。(0.8分)

关键词： 国家重点实验室   特种经济动物   分子生物学   吉林省   培育   质量监督检验测试中心   博士生导师   农业部  

摘要： 杨福合，男，1957年8月生，研究员，博士生导师，现任中国农业科．学院特产研究所所长，兼吉林省特种经济动物分子生物学重点实验室—省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地主任、农业部特种经济动植物及产品质量监督检验测试中心主任、

关键词： 脂肪量和肥胖相关基因   生物学功能   动物生产  

摘要： 自脂肪量和肥胖相关(FTO)基因发现以来,其生物学功能研究已取得不少进展。FTO基因广泛地分布于生物界,并在动物多种组织中表达,其中在下丘脑中表达量最高。FTO基因在下丘脑中的作用主要是调节食欲和能量代谢,而在其他组织中的作用还有待深入研究。FTO蛋白如何发挥其作为核酸修饰酶的功能目前仍不清楚。有大量数据表明,FTO基因多态性不仅与肥胖和肥胖相关性状(如身体质量指数、腰围、腰臀比例、上臂宽和上臂围)存在强相关,而且也与肥胖诱发的许多疾病,如心脏病、2型糖尿病和癌症等有关。此外,FTO基因在动物生长发育、能量代谢平衡、脂肪代谢、炎症反应和癌细胞增殖等方面起重要作用。本文对FTO基因的生物学功能及其与动物生产的关系进行综述。

关键词： 国家重点实验室   特种经济动物   分子生物学   吉林省   培育   优异种质资源   基因组学   分子调控  

摘要： 总体定位 特种经济动物分子生物学省部共建国家重点实验室紧紧围绕国家重大需求和国际动物学科发展的方向与前沿研究领域，重点开展特种经济动物优异种质资源基因组学、特种经济动物分子育种学、特种绛济动物分子调控、

关键词： 红旗泡水库   生物学评价   动物群落结构   底栖动物   水生态系统   黑龙江省   平原水库   石油化工  

摘要： 红旗泡水库位于黑龙江省大庆市郊区，是一座大Ⅱ型平原水库，水源引自嫩江，库区面积35km^2，库容1．16亿m^3，主要功能是为大庆石油化工和市区居民供水，还具有防洪、灌溉、养殖和旅游等多功能。底栖动物是水生态系统的一个重要生态类群，其自身可以加速水底有机碎屑的分解，调解泥一水界面的物质交换以及促进水体的自净等，底栖动物由于其自身的生活史特点，也是水质生物评价中应用最为广泛的一类生物。

关键词： 基因组   绵羊   动物研究所   破译   《科学》杂志   中国科技网   中国科学院   动物生物学  

摘要： 据中国科技网2014年6月7日援引报道，中国科学院昆明动物研究所与华大基因联合对一头母羊测序，而英国罗斯林研究所对一头公羊测序，完成了绵羊基因组的测序、组装及分析工作。这项成果为反刍动物生物学增添了崭新的认识，并将有助于选育优秀的肉羊新品种。最新成果发表在美国《科学》杂志上。

关键词： 求偶行为   求偶形式   生物学意义  

摘要： 动物的求偶行为即交配前行为,是繁殖行为的重要环节,目的是吸引异性完成交配。动物求偶可通过声音、炫耀、行为动作、建巢穴、信息素、喂食以及一些其他方式中的一种或多种方式。求偶行为能选择出合适的配偶、激发异性性活动、具有种间特异性、推动物种进化的生物学意义。

关键词： chemosensation   olfactory receptor   molecular biology   genomic evolution   odor binding  

摘要： The importance of chemosensation for vertebrates is reflected in the vast and variable nature of their chemosensory tissues, neurons, and genes, which we explore in this review. Immense progress has been made in elucidating the molecular biology of olfaction since the discovery of the olfactory receptor genes by Buck and Axel, which eventually won the authors the Nobel Prize. In particular, research linking odor ligands to olfactory receptors (ORs) is truly revolutionizing our understanding of how a large but limited number of chemosensory receptors can allow us to perceive the massive diversity of odors in our habitat. This research is providing insight into the evolution of genomes and providing the raw data needed to explore links between genotype and phenotype, still a grand challenge in biology. Research into olfaction is still developing and will no doubt continue until we have a clear understanding of how all odors are detected and the evolutionary forces that have molded the chemosensory subgenome in vertebrates. This knowledge will not only be a huge step in elucidating olfactory function, advancing scientific knowledge and techniques, but there are also commercial applications for this research. This review focuses on the molecular basis of chemosensation, particularly olfaction, its evolution across vertebrates and the recent molecular advances linking odors to their cognate receptors. Anat Rec, 297:2216-2226, 2014. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： benthos   beaches   gastropod   intraspecific relationships   population dynamics  

摘要： The structure, dynamics and production of two populations of the olivid gastropod Olivella minuta were analyzed through monthly sampling from November 2009 through October 2011 on two sandy beaches, Pernambuco (very sheltered) and Barequecaba (sheltered) in Sao Paulo state (23 degrees 48'S), southeastern Brazil. On both beaches, samples were taken along five transects established perpendicular to the waterline. Parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth function were estimated for both populations from monthly length-frequency distributions. The production and turnover ratios were determined using the mass-specific growth rate method. The population on the less-sheltered Barequecaba Beach was less abundant (120.02 +/- 22.60 ind m(-1)) than on Pernambuco Beach (3295.30 +/- 504.86 ind m(-1) (+/- SE)), which we attribute to the greater environmental stability of the latter. Conversely, the mean length, size of the largest individual, and body mass were higher at Barequecaba than at Pernambuco. The significant differences in the growth of individuals and the mortality rate (Z) between the beaches suggest that density-dependent processes were operating at Pernambuco Beach. The production and P/B ratio at Pernambuco (12.12 g AFDM m(-1) year(-1) and 1.91 year(-1)) were higher than at Barequecaba (0.82 g AFDM m(-1) year(-1) and 1.06 year(-1)). The difference in production can be attributed to the higher abundance on Pernambuco, while the higher P/B ratio resulted from the scarcity of smaller individuals in the intertidal zone of Barequecaba. The P/B ratio estimated for the Pernambuco population is the highest found so far for sandy-beach gastropods. This study reinforces the theory that biological interactions are important regulators of sheltered sandy-beach populations. Future studies with multi-beach sampling are needed to better understand the life-history variations of O. minuta along gradients of degree of exposure of sandy beaches. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights res