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关键词： 国家重点实验室   特种经济动物   分子生物学   吉林省   培育   优异种质资源   基因组学   动物学  

摘要： 总体定位 特种经济动物分子生物学省部共建国家重点实验室紧紧围绕国家重大需求和国际动物学科发展的方向与前沿研究领域，重点开展特种经济动物优异种质资源基因组学、

关键词： 生态修复   浮游动物   演变   生物学评价  

摘要： 通过对实施生态修复的围隔水体内的浮游动物的跟踪监测分析,试验前期原生动物有6种,轮虫有10种,枝角类1种,桡足类3种,浮游动物密度1736个/L,生物总量1.75mg/L。试验后期:原生动物有3种,轮虫7种,枝角类有5种,桡足类1种,浮游动物密度100个/L,生物总量0.418mg/L。原生动物、轮虫、桡足类种类下降,枝角类种类上升。浮游动物的密度下降了94.2%,生物下降了76.1%。试验水体从中营养型水体转变为贫营养型水体。

关键词： 甘草多糖   生物学功能   动物生产  

摘要： 甘草多糖具有提高动物生产性能,增强免疫力和抗病力等功能。本文就甘草多糖的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用作一综述,以期为甘草多糖的广泛应用提供理论依据。

关键词： partial body regeneration   wounding   tissue repair   neural complex   siphons   oral siphon pigment organs   aging  

摘要： This year marks the 125th anniversary of the beginning of regeneration research in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. A brief note was published in 1891, reporting the regeneration of the Ciona neural complex and siphons. This launched an active period of Ciona regeneration research culminating in the demonstration of partial body regeneration: the ability of proximal body parts to regenerate distal ones, but not vice versa. In a process resembling regeneration, wounds in the siphon tube were discovered to result in the formation of an ectopic siphon. Ciona regeneration research then lapsed into a period of relative inactivity after the purported demonstration of the inheritance of acquired characters using siphon regeneration as a model. Around the turn of the present century, Ciona regeneration research experienced a new blossoming. The current studies established the morphological and physiological integrity of the regeneration process and its resemblance to ontogeny. They also determined some of the cell types responsible for tissue and organ replacement and their sources in the body. Finally, they showed that regenerative capacity is reduced with age. Many other aspects of regeneration now can be studied at the mechanistic level because of the extensive molecular tools available in Ciona. genesis 53:48-65, 2015. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： ECONOMIC development   BIODIVERSITY  

摘要： A decade ago, identifying the need for strong academic programmes to train conservation professionals, the Wildlife Conservation Society collaborated with the National Centre for Biological Sciences of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research to initiate a Master's degree programme in wildlife biology and conservation, comprising cutting-edge course modules taught by practising scientists and conservationists, followed by a dissertation.

关键词： 特种经济动物   SKLMBSEA   吉林省   国家重点实验室   分子生物学   培育基地   省部共建  

摘要： 杨福合,男,1957年8月生,研究员,博士生导师,现任中国农业科学院特产研究所所长,兼吉林省特种经济动物分子生物学重点实验室一省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地主任、农业部特种经济动植物及产品质量监督检验测试中心主任、国家畜禽遗传资源委员会委员、国家特种畜禽品种审定专业委员会主任委员、中国畜牧业协会副会长兼鹿业分会执行会长、

关键词： CDV   流行情况分析   基因测序   遗传变异分析  

摘要： 犬瘟热(Canine distemper,CD)是由犬瘟热病毒(Canine distemper virus,CDV)引起的一种以发热、胃肠炎、过度角质化、神经症状等为特征的高度接触性传染病。2013年8月-2014年8月,山东省部分地区毛皮动物养殖场暴发了CD,给养殖户带来了巨大的经济损失。为了解山东省部分地区毛皮动物犬瘟热流行情况,揭示CDV的流行和遗传变异规律,为预防和控制CD提供更全面的理论依据,本研究进行了以下几方面的工作:1.对山东省诸城、青岛、文登、荣成、临沂、临朐、烟台、聊城、泰安、莱芜等10个城市的25个规模化毛皮动物养殖场送检的665份临床病例进行统计并分析CD在季节分布上的差异、与其他细菌混合感染情况及诸城市100份出栏水貂血清犬瘟热抗体(CDV-Ab)情况。结果显示,犬瘟热阳性检出率为22.6%(150/665)。其中,犬瘟热单独感染阳性率为46.7%(70/150),犬瘟热与细菌性疾病混合感染占阳性病例的53.3%(80/150),尤其是与绿脓杆菌混合感染率高达31.3%(25/80);对诸城市出栏水貂血清犬瘟热抗体检测结果发现犬瘟热抗体平均阳性率为35%,且免疫次数的多少与犬瘟热抗体阳性率呈正相关。2.对筛选出的6株CDV阳性样本的血凝素基因(HA)进行了全基因序列测定及遗传变异分析。序列分析结果表明,6个山东分离株HA基因的阅读框全长均为1824bp,编码607个氨基酸(aa),未发现碱基的插入和缺失。分离株间核苷酸(98.7%-99.5%)及氨基酸(97.9%-99.2%)同源性较高,而与CDV疫苗株间核苷酸(89.8%-90.6%)和氨基酸(88.2%-90.4%)同源性均较低。6个山东CDV分离株与分离自辽宁省的水貂株LN(13)2和SD(12)1以及貉源株SD(13)1共同归属于亚洲-1(Asia-1)型,而与CDV疫苗株遗传距离较远。其中,SD(13)9株含有10个潜在N-连接糖基化位点(N-X-S/T),其他5个山东分离株均有9个且456-458位N-X-S/T缺失,而疫苗株含有4个或7个,6个山东分离株均在542-544位出现一个新的N-X-S/T。6株山东CDV分离株HA蛋白530位氨基酸位点均为甘氨酸(G),549位氨基酸位点出现酪氨酸(Y)到组氨酸(H)的替换。3.通过细胞传代分离得到一株适应VERO细胞的CDV毒株ZC株,并对其进行了全基因序列测定与分析。序列分析结果表明,CDV-ZC株全基因组共包含15690nt,GenBank登录号为KJ994343,该基因组推导的某些氨基酸位点发生了突变,CDV-ZC株与其他毒株的核苷酸同源性为91.6%-97.8%,与CDV PS株同源性高达97.8%;与Onderstepoort株同源性最低(91.6%)。基于HA基因构建的系统发生树与全基因分析结果一致,基于全基因序列绘制的系统发生树表明,所有CDV分离株分为疫苗株和野毒株2支,CDV-ZC株和PS株位于同一支且亲缘关系最近,归属于Asia-1型。HA基因的限制性片段多态性分析(RFLP)表明CDV-ZC株为野毒株。微量中和实验结果表明,CDV-ZC株与疫苗株存在抗原表位差异。

关键词： PROTEIN analysis   PROTEIN metabolism   ADENOSINE triphosphatase   BIOLOGY   CELL physiology   CRYPTOSPORIDIUM   GIARDIA lamblia   LEISHMANIA   PROTEINS   PROTOZOA   VIRULENCE (Microbiology)   PHENOMENOLOGICAL biology   IN vitro studies  

摘要： In eukaryotic cells, proteasomes perform crucial roles in many cellular pathways by degrading proteins to enforce quality control and regulate many cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, signal transduction, cell death, immune responses, metabolism, protein-quality control, and development. The catalytic heart of these complexes, the 20S proteasome, is highly conserved in bacteria, yeast, and humans. However, until a few years ago, the role of proteasomes in parasite biology was completely unknown. Here, we summarize findings about the role of proteasomes in protozoan parasites biology and virulence. Several reports have confirmed the role of proteasomes in parasite biological processes such as cell differentiation, cell cycle, proliferation, and encystation. Proliferation and cell differentiation are key steps in host colonization. Considering the importance of proteasomes in both processes in many different parasites such as Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Toxoplasma, and Entamoeba, parasite proteasomes might serve as virulence factors. Several pieces of evidence strongly suggest that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is also a viable parasitic therapeutic target. Research in recent years has shown that the proteasome is a valid drug target for sleeping sickness and malaria. Then, proteasomes are a key organelle in parasite biology and virulence and appear to be an attractive new chemotherapeutic target.

关键词： 特种经济动物   SKLMBSEA   分子生物学   国家重点实验室   吉林省   培育基地   省部共建  

摘要： 杨福合,男,1957年8月生,研究员,博士生导师,现任中国农业科学院特产研究所所长,兼吉林省特种经济动物分子生物学重点实验室一省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地主任、农业部特种经济动植物及产品质量监督检验测试中心主任、国家畜禽遗传资源委员会委员、国家特种畜禽品种审定专业委员会主任委员、中国畜牧

关键词： Object classification   Decapod crustaceans   Brachyura   Mental representations   Expertise  

摘要： Object categorization is an important research topic not only in the field of biology but also in psychology. So far, however, the mental principles guiding categorization in biology have not been systematically investigated from the viewpoint of psychology. We focused our study on the shape-based categorization processes of decapod crustaceans, incorporating the perspectives of both disciplines in order to shed more light on this phenomenon. Thus, in parallel to the investigation of the principles of morphology-based categorization of decapods, we examined the mental representations of the concepts of crustaceans and the development of these representations in human memory. For this purpose, we created a set of standardized and modularized images of decapod crustaceans consisting of a series of morphed exemplars of crabs and lobsters, which served as a stimulus basis for investigating category judgments. The images were ordered linearly on a continuum changing from a 'crab' to a 'lobster' pole by systematically manipulating certain categorization-relevant features like the shape of the carapace and the angle of the claws. This precisely controlled material allowed us to systematically investigate the influence of qualitative and quantitative changes in specific features of decapods on people's category judgments. Moreover, we also analyzed how different levels of biological expertise and prior knowledge influence the aforementioned processes. We conducted a psychological experiment by using a cognitive performance test with groups of biology students at different stages of expertise as well as naive non-experts. Our results show that category judgments in the case of crustaceans specifically depend on the morphological, shape-based form information in the presented image but not on the degree of prior knowledge about the to-be-categorized material. Thus, the form information is robust and dominant across different levels of expertise. These current findings allow c