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关键词： RADIOBIOLOGY   LABORATORY animals   RADIOTHERAPY   MEDICAL research   ONCOLOGY  

关键词： Decline   extinction risk   lizard   phylogeny   prediction   reptile   snake  

摘要： AimEvaluating the relative roles of biological traits and environmental factors that predispose species to an elevated risk of extinction is of fundamental importance to macroecology. Identifying species that possess extinction-promoting traits allows targeted conservation action before precipitous declines occur. Such analyses have been carried out for several vertebrate groups, with the notable exception of reptiles. We identify traits correlating with high extinction risk in squamate reptiles, assess whether these differ with geography, taxonomy and threats, and make recommendations for future Red List assessments. LocationGlobal. MethodsWe collected data on biological traits and environmental factors for a representative sample of 1139 species of squamate reptiles. We used phylogenetically controlled regression models to identify general correlates of extinction risk, threat-specific correlates of risk and realm-specific correlates of risk. We also assessed the relative importance of range size versus other factors through multiplicative bivariate models, partial regressions and variance partitioning. ResultsRange size was the most important predictor of extinction risk, reflecting the high frequency of reptiles assessed under range-based IUCN criteria. Habitat specialists occupying accessible ranges were at a greater risk of extinction: although these factors never contributed more than 10% to the variance in extinction risk, they showed significant interactions with range size. The predictive power of our global models ranged from 23% to 29%. The general overall pattern remained the same among geographical, taxonomic and threat-specific data subsets. Main conclusionsProactive conservation requires shortcuts to identify species at high risk of extinction. Regardless of location, squamate reptiles that are range-restricted habitat specialists living in areas highly accessible to humans are likely to become extinct first. Prioritizing species that exhibit such tr

关键词： VERTEBRATES   RESEARCH   FOSSILS   PALEONTOLOGY   ANIMAL classification   ANIMAL species   RADIATION  

摘要： Vertebrate microfossil assemblages in terrestrial formations are a promising source of data on the structure of fossil metacommunities. However, the degree to which these deposits capture true, metacommunity-level samples is unknown. Individual deposits may be biased in ways that limit their utility for intra- and inter-formation comparisons. This study describes the composition of ten vertebrate microfossil assemblages collected from the Lower Cretaceous Cloverly Formation in Montana and Wyoming, U.S.A., and evaluates whether the assemblages are sufficiently similar to suggest the presence of a single Cloverly metacommunity, or paleocommunity type.' The assemblages appear to be biased by factors related to the preferential incorporation and preservation of different taxa and skeletal element types, which compound with decreasing locality sample size. Less productive localities lack whole taxonomic groups, especially small, fully terrestrial vertebrates. Only the two vertebrate microfossil bonebeds approach the known formation richness. High individual tooth counts overrepresent particular species, especially the crocodylians. Despite these biases, the multiple assemblages nevertheless yield statistically similar taxon abundance rank orders, suggesting the presence of a single, formation-wide paleo-metacommunity, which bears resemblance to a viable metacommunity. The aggregate assemblage exhibits an Eltonian pyramid' trophic hierarchy for both terrestrial and aquatic taxa. Comparing the multiple assemblages synoptically also reveals possible landscape-scale abundance patterns for particular species. Taken together, microvertebrate assemblages offer insight into regional paleo-metacommunities and provide samples for inter-formational comparisons at this *** DATASupplemental materials are available for this article for free at ***/UJVPCitation for this article: Carrano, M. T., M. P. J. Oreska, and R. Lockwood. 2016. Vertebrate paleontolo

关键词： 柠檬酸   动物   生物学作用  

摘要： 柠檬酸是一种重要的有机酸,具有良好的物理和化学性能,可作为酸化剂在动物日粮中应用。文章综述了日粮中添加柠檬酸对动物生产性能、消化吸收、免疫功能等方面的生物学作用,为其在动物生产中的科学应用提供参考。

关键词： Encephalitis   Equine myeloencephalopathy   Equine neurologic   Equine protozoal disease   Myelitis   Neospora hughesi   Sarcocystis neurona  

摘要： Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) remains an important neurologic disease of horses. There are no pathognomonic clinical signs for the disease. Affected horses can have focal or multifocal central nervous system (CNS) disease. EPM can be difficult to diagnose antemortem. It is caused by either of 2 parasites, Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora hughesi, with much less known about N. hughesi. Although risk factors such as transport stress and breed and age correlations have been identified, biologic factors such as genetic predispositions of individual animals, and parasite-specific factors such as strain differences in virulence, remain largely undetermined. This consensus statement update presents current published knowledge of the parasite biology, host immune response, disease pathogenesis, epidemiology, and risk factors. Importantly, the statement provides recommendations for EPM diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

关键词： Tactile learning   Rodents   Recognition memory   Novel object recognition test  

摘要： Animal models of learning and memory have been the subject of considerable research. Rodents such as mice and rats are nocturnal animals with poor vision, and their survival depends on their sense of touch. Recent reports have shown that whisker somatosensation is the main channel through which rodents collect and process environmental information. This review describes tactile learning in rodents from a neurobiological and neuropharmacological perspective, and how this is involved in memory-related processes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 大型底栖动物   群落结构   水质生物学评价   采煤塌陷湖  

摘要： 2013年对淮北采煤塌陷湖(乾隆湖和临涣湖)大型底栖动物群落结构进行了季节性调查。共采集到大型底栖动物26种,隶属于3门5纲17科.乾隆湖和临涣湖年平均密度分别为230.85和215.80 ind./m^2,年平均生物量分别为56.11和36.38 g/m^2。两湖大型底栖动物以摇蚊幼虫、霍甫水丝蚓和苏氏尾鳃蚓为优势类群,底栖动物最高密度均出现在夏季(乾隆湖为278.0 ind./m^2,临涣湖为288.2 ind./m^2);生物量则主要以软体动物和水生昆虫为主,夏季和秋季大型底栖动物生物量明显高于春季和冬季。运用Shannon多样性指数(H′)、Margalef多样性指数(D)和Biotic Index生物学指数(BI)对乾隆湖和临涣湖进行水质生物评价研究,结果显示Shannon多样性指数不适宜于该两湖的水质生物评价,BI的评价结果与水质状况基本相符。综合Margalef多样性指数和BI生物指数评价的结果表明:乾隆湖和临涣湖春季和冬季处于轻度污染状态,夏季和秋季处于中度污染状态。

关键词： 梁塘河   水质   底栖动物   生物评价  

摘要： 梁塘河是联系京杭运河与五里湖、蠡湖新城与太湖新城的一条天然纽带,也是无锡市城市总体规划确定的老城和新城之间的一条主要的绿色开敞空间,其流域生态品质的好坏,对太湖和大运河产生较大影响。

关键词： 动物学   动物生物学   实验教学改革   创新能力培养   教学方法  

摘要： 动物生物学实验是生物医药类专业一门重要的专业基础课,在培养学生专业素质和创新能力中发挥着重要的作用。为适应新形势下社会对创新和实用型人才的新需求,进一步提高动物生物学实验教学效果,加强学生创新实践能力的培养,在分析当前生命科学类专业课程教学体系中动物生物学实验教学存在问题的基础上,从教学内容、教学方法和考核体系3方面提出动物生物学实验教学改革措施。

关键词： Animal model   Biomarker   Pig PeptideAtlas   Proteomics   Repositories  

摘要： Biological research of Sus scrofa, the domestic pig, is of immediate relevance for food production sciences, and for developing pig as a model organism for human biomedical research. Publicly available data repositories play a fundamental role for all biological sciences, and protein data repositories are in particular essential for the successful development of new proteomic methods. Cumulative proteome data repositories, including the PeptideAtlas, provide the means for targeted proteomics, system-wide observations, and cross-species observational studies, but pigs have so far been underrepresented in existing repositories. We here present a significantly improved build of the Pig PeptideAtlas, which includes pig proteome data from 25 tissues and three body fluid types mapped to 7139 canonical proteins. The content of the Pig PeptideAtlas reflects actively ongoing research within the veterinary proteomics domain, and this article demonstrates how the expression of isoform-unique peptides can be observed across distinct tissues and body fluids. The Pig PeptideAtlas is a unique resource for use in animal proteome research, particularly biomarker discovery and for preliminary design of SRM assays, which are equally important for progress in research that supports farm animal production and veterinary health, as for developing pig models with relevance to human health research.