教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： 特种经济动物   国家重点实验室   分子生物学   吉林省   培育   优异种质资源   生物学特性   生物学理论  

摘要： 总体定位 特种经济动物分午生物学省部共建国家重点实验室紧紧围绕国家重大需求和国际动物学科发展的方向与前沿研究领域，重点开展特种经济动物优异种质资源基因组学、特种经济动物分子育种学、特种经济动物分子调控滞特种经济动物组织细胞工程、特种经济动物特有的生物学特性等研究，为建立特种经济动物分子生物学理论溱慕定坚实的基础，使我国特种经济动物分子生物学在整体水平上达到国际先进水平。

关键词： 大肠杆菌   O157   分布   毒力基因   进化分群   耐药性  

摘要： 收集江苏地区养殖场及农贸市场动物粪便及食品样品700份,经显色培养基筛选、PCR鉴定大肠杆菌O157,并分析其进化分群、毒力基因、生物被膜形成能力、耐药性和耐药基因,了解O157污染情况。分离得到16株大肠杆菌O157,在粪便和食品中的分离率分别为2.6%（13/500）和1.5%（3/200）,进化分群显示D群占68.75%（11/16）为优势分群,68.75%（11/16）分离株能形成生物被膜。毒力基因stx1、stx2、hly A、eae的分布率分别为25%、37.5%、68.75%、63.16%。综合分析显示,不同来源菌株进化分群及毒力基因型相似。分离株的耐药率在56%以上,且至少同时耐受7种药物;耐药基因tet A、TEM、floR、cml A、aph3、aad A1、aad A2检测率50%-63%,其他耐药基因检测率小于30%。本研究表明动物粪便作为大肠杆菌O157的贮库,可能由养殖场感染动物并污染食品,威胁人类健康。

关键词： 濒危动物保护   保护生物学   动物研究所   生态文明建设   陕西省   主任   灵长类动物   川金丝猴  

摘要： 王晓卫，陕西省动物研究所濒危动物保护生物学研究中心主任，自幼对灵长类动物金丝猴有种特殊的感情，大学毕业后，放弃了原本待遇优厚的大城市工作，毅然选择了自然条件相对恶劣的西北大学，师从著名灵长类专家李保国教授，成为川金丝猴研究团队中的一员。多年如一日，以关爱珍稀动物、呵护生态家园为己任，足迹遍布在秦岭山脉，为金丝猴的保护和研究工作挥洒着青春和热血。

关键词： anthropogenic impact   Australian mammal   conservation management   Holocene   niche contraction   palaeoecology  

摘要： The arrival in Australia of Europeans and the species they brought with them initiated a sharp decline in native mammalian biodiversity. Consequently, one-third of the original or pre-European terrestrial mammal fauna is now extinct or threatened with extinction. Although the distributional ranges of many Australian mammals have contracted markedly, modern distributions are frequently used as baselines for conservation management and understanding ecological requirements. However, these often poorly reflect pre-European distributions, particularly in areas where biodiversity declines were rapid and occurred soon after European arrival. Here we analyse two late Holocene mammalian assemblages from Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia, and reconstruct the pre-European terrestrial non-volant mammal fauna. The region was previously estimated to have lost perhaps 30% of its original terrestrial non-volant mammal fauna, but our results indicate a loss of almost 50%. We provide the first local records of the murids Mastacomys fuscus, Pseudomys australis, P. gouldii, P. novaehollandiae and P. shortridgei, and confirm the past occurrence of the now-extinct Conilurus albipes. Our study contributes new knowledge of species biogeography and ecology and will help refine restoration targets.

关键词： Biological control   Cotton aphid   Development   Predation   Degree-days   Minute two-spotted ladybeetle   Silverleaf whitefly  

摘要： The minute two-spotted ladybeetle, Diomus notescens Blackburn is a common predator of aphids and other pests in Australian agricultural crops, however little is known about the biology of D. notescens. The aim of this study was to provide information on the life cycle of this predator and improve our understanding of its biological control potential, particularly against one of the major pests of cotton, Aphis gossypii Glover. In laboratory experiments, juvenile development, prey consumption, as well as adult lifespan and fecundity were studied. Results from this study revealed that D. notescens could successfully complete development on A. gossypii, which at 25 degrees C required 21 days and during this period they each consume 129 +/- 5.2 aphids. At 25 degrees C adult lifespan was 77 +/- 9.6 days, with a mean daily prey consumption of 28 +/- 1.8 aphids and a mean daily fecundity of 8 +/- 0.5 eggs. Net reproductive rate was estimated as 187 +/- 25.1 females and the intrinsic rate of increase was estimated as 0.14. Juvenile development was recorded at four constant temperatures (15, 21, 26 and 27 degrees C) and using a linear model, the lower threshold for D. notescens development was estimated to be 10 +/- 0.6 degrees C with 285 +/- 4.7 degree days required to complete development. A prey choice experiment studying predation rates revealed a strong preference for A. gossypii nymphs compared to Bemisia tabaci Gennadius eggs. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Alcohol Drinking   dopaminergic system   Ventral Tegmental Area   Binge Drinking   systems biology   Dopaminergic Neurons   Reward   Alcohol Drinking Patterns  

摘要： Background The mesolimbic dopamine system, composed primarily of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area that project to striatal structures, is considered to be the key mediator of reinforcement-related mechanisms in the brain. Prompted by a genome-wide association meta-analysis implicating the Ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2 (RASGRF2) gene in the regulation of alcohol intake in men, we have recently shown that male Rasgrf2(-/-) mice exhibit reduced ethanol intake and preference accompanied by a perturbed mesolimbic dopamine system. We therefore propose that these mice represent a valid model to further elucidate the precise genes and mechanisms regulating mesolimbic dopamine functioning. Methods Transcriptomic data from the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of male Rasgrf2(-/-) mice and wild-type controls were analyzed by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). We performed follow-up genetic association tests in humans using a sample of male adolescents from the IMAGEN study characterized for binge drinking (n = 905) and ventral striatal activation during an fMRI reward task (n = 608). Results The WGCNA analyses using accumbal transcriptomic data revealed 37 distinct modules, or functionally related groups of genes. Two of these modules were significantly associated with Rasgrf2 knockout status: M5 (p < 0.001) and M6 (p < 0.001). In follow-up translational analyses we found that human orthologues for the M5 module were significantly (p < 0.01) enriched with genetic association signals for binge drinking in male adolescents. Furthermore, the most significant locus, originating from the EH-domain containing 4 (EHD4) gene (p < 0.001), was also significantly associated with altered ventral striatal activity in male adolescents performing an fMRI reward task (p(empirical) < 0.001). Limitations It was not possible to determine the extent to which the M5 module was dysregulated in Rasgrf2(-/-) mice by perturbed mesolimbic dopamine signal

关键词： 动物微生物学   课程建设   教学改革   能力培养  

摘要： 针对动物科学学院多专业、多方向的特点,进行了"动物微生物学"课程体系建设与改革的探索。从组建跨专业的教学团队入手,通过新的教学理念和教学方法,并充分利用网络教学资源,以激发学生的学习兴趣,全面培养学生的综合素质和创新能力,适合时代发展的需要。

关键词： 动物生物学教学   设计型学习   能力提升   学习兴趣  

摘要： 在概述设计型学习涵义和特征基础上,针对动物生物学教学现状,阐明其设计型学习的过程,并从学生的学习兴趣和能力提升等方面,分析设计型学习在动物生物学课程中的应用效果。结果表明:合理采用设计型学习,能激发学生学习兴趣,培养学生团队精神,提升学生创新能力、动手能力和问题解决等能力。

关键词： 分子生物学   实验课程   动物医学   教学   改革初探  

摘要： 分子生物学实验课程是培养高素质生物类本科人才的必修课程。为了提高本科生对分子生物学的兴趣,提升他们的实践操作能力,笔者对分子生物学实验的教改思路、教学内容、教学方法、教学条件、教学质量评价及教师素质进行了初步改革。实践证明通过这些改革尝试可很好地提高学生学习的主动性和动手能力,加深对理论知识的理解,进一步提高学生独立分析问题及解决问题的能力。

关键词： 钴   反刍动物   生长   繁殖  

摘要： 钴具有合成维生素B12、参与机体造血等功能,能够促进动物生长,提高动物生产性能和繁殖性能。本文就钴的生物学功能及其在反刍动物上的应用作一综述。