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关键词： 永安溪   底栖动物   群落结构   水质生物学评价  

摘要： 为了解浙江仙居永安溪大型底栖动物群落结构,于2016年8月对永安溪13个采样站点进行调查研究,并应用多种生物指数对溪流水质进行生物评价。此次调查共获得底栖动物95种,隶属于4门7纲,其中扁形动物1种,环节动物7种,软体动物8种,节肢动物79种。永安溪大型底栖动物平均密度为3 020.8 ind./m2,平均生物量为34.25 g/m2;密度优势类群为节肢动物,其平均密度为2 661.1 ind./m2,贡献率为88.1%,生物量优势类群为软体动物,其平均生物量为30.76 g/m2,贡献率为89.8%。永安溪大型底栖动物优势种为长河螺Rivularia elongata、角形环棱螺Bellamya angularis、纹石蛾属一种Potamyia sp.、闪蚬Corbicula nitens和小蜉属一种Ephemerella sp.。利用6种生物指数对永安溪水质进行评价显示,Margalef多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和BI生物指数均表明永安溪处于清洁状态;仅Shannon-Wiener指数评价显示为轻污染状态,BPI生物学污染指数评价为β-中污染状态。

关键词： tubulin   microtubule   cancer  

摘要： Tubulin proteins, as components of the microtubule cytoskeleton perform critical cellular functions throughout all phases of the cell cycle. Altered tubulin isotype composition of microtubules is emerging as a feature of aggressive and treatment refractory cancers. Emerging evidence highlighting a role for tubulin isotypes in differentially influencing microtubule behaviour and broader functional networks within cells is illuminating a complex role for tubulin isotypes regulating cancer biology and chemotherapy resistance. This review focuses on the role of different tubulin isotypes in microtubule dynamics as well as in oncogenic changes that provide a survival or proliferative advantage to cancer cells within the tumour microenvironment and during metastatic processes. Consideration of the role of tubulin isotypes beyond their structural function will be essential to improving the current clinical use of tubulin-targeted chemotherapy agents and informing the development of more effective cancer therapies.

关键词： 动物科学专业   细胞分子生物学   实验教学改革   能力培养  

摘要： 细胞分子生物学是培养生命科学领域高素质创新型人才的必修课程。随着生命科学的不断发展,动物科学作为实践性、应用性较强的农学专业,也越来越重视学生实验操作能力的培养。为提高动物科学专业学生对细胞分子生物学实验课程的兴趣,提升学生的实验操作能力,根据具体专业实验教学经验,从实验教学内容、实验教学方法、实验教学考核方式等方面对动物科学专业细胞分子生物学实验教学进行了改革初探,并提出了具体的改革方案,对动物科学专业学生实践动手能力和科研素质的培养具有重要的指导意义。

关键词： 反刍动物   棉酚毒性   微生物脱毒  

摘要： 棉花在加工过程中所产生的棉籽、棉花壳、棉仁粉、棉粕等副产品是畜禽养殖业重要的饲料资源。与单胃动物相比,反刍家畜对棉副产品中棉酚毒性具有一定耐受性,但目前与棉酚相关的瘤胃微生物学脱毒机制尚不清楚。本文针对棉酚的危害性,重点综述了棉酚脱毒相关的化学与微生物学机理研究进展,以期为今后开展瘤胃微生物棉酚脱毒机制研究提供参考依据。

关键词： 桑叶   生物学功能   动物生产   应用  

摘要： 桑叶纤维含量低,蛋白质含量高,具有较高的营养价值,既能缓解畜牧业发展中蛋白质饲料短缺的现状,又能有效促进动物生长发育,提高生产性能,增强免疫机能;影响营养物质代谢,改善胴体品质;降低饲料成本,提高经济效益,近来在动物生产中应用广泛。文章对桑叶的营养价值、生物学功能以及在动物生产中的最新研究进展作以综述。

关键词： 植物多酚   动物生产   生物学功能   应用  

摘要： 植物多酚作为饲料添加剂,不仅能改善动物生产性能和预防疾病,还是一类纯天然、无污染、无残留、无耐药性的抗生素替代物,应用前景十分广阔。文章对植物多酚的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用作以论述。

关键词： 分子生物学   多媒体教学   新兴疫苗技术  

摘要： 分子生物学是研究核酸,蛋白质等生物大分子的结构与功能,并从分子水平上阐明蛋白质与蛋白质,蛋白质与核酸之间的相互作用及其基因表达调控机理的学科。笔者结合近年来的分子生物学教学经验,就如何让动物医学专业本科生更好的理解和掌握分子生物学知识进行了简单探索。

关键词： 实验教学   重要概念   结构层次  

摘要： 关注重要概念是初中生物学新课程标准提出的新要求。通过实验教学构建生物学科重要概念是较好的手段和方法。在"动物体的结构层次"一节课中,巧妙利用实验教学获取事实,突显学生的学习主体性,构建生物学重要概念,提高课堂教学的有效性。

关键词： Bergmann's rule   Allen's rule   Adaptation   Homeostasis   Thermoregulation   Carleton Coon   Laurence Irving   Ernst Mayr   Per Scholander  

摘要： Bergmann's rule and Allen's rule played important roles in mid-twentieth century discussions of adaptation, variation, and geographical distribution. Although inherited from the nineteenth-century natural history tradition these rules gained significance during the consolidation of the modern synthesis as evolutionary theorists focused attention on populations as units of evolution. For systematists, the rules provided a compelling rationale for identifying geographical races or subspecies, a function that was also picked up by some physical anthropologists. More generally, the rules provided strong evidence for adaptation by natural selection. Supporters of the rules tacitly, or often explicitly, assumed that the clines described by the rules reflected adaptations for thermoregulation. This assumption was challenged by the physiologists Laurence Irving and Per Scholander based on their arctic research conducted after World War II. Their critique spurred a controversy played out in a series of articles in Evolution, in Ernst Mayr's Animal Species and Evolution, and in the writings of other prominent evolutionary biologists and physical anthropologists. Considering this episode highlights the complexity and ambiguity of important biological concepts such as adaptation, homeostasis, and self-regulation. It also demonstrates how different disciplinary orientations and styles of scientific research influenced evolutionary explanations, and the consequent difficulties of constructing a truly synthetic evolutionary biology in the decades immediately following World War II.

关键词： C. elegans   extracellular vesicles   tubulin   post-translational modifications   glutamylation   cilia   kinesin-3   polycystin   intraflagellar transport   microtubule  

摘要： Cilia are found on most non-dividing cells in the human body and, when faulty, cause a wide range of pathologies called ciliopathies. Ciliary specialization in form and function is observed throughout the animal kingdom, yet mechanisms generating ciliary diversity are poorly understood. The "tubulin code"-a combination of tubulin isotypes and tubulin post-translational modifications-can generate microtubule diversity. Using C. elegans, we show that a-tubulin isotype TBA-6 sculpts 18 Aand B-tubule singlets from nine ciliary A-B doublet microtubules in cephalic male (CEM) neurons. In CEM cilia, tba-6 regulates velocities and cargoes of intraflagellar transport (IFT) kinesin-2 motors kinesin-II and OSM-3/KIF17 without affecting kinesin-3 KLP-6 motility. In addition to their unique ultrastructure and accessory kinesin-3 motor, CEM cilia are specialized to produce extracellular vesicles. tba-6 also influences several aspects of extracellular vesicle biology, including cargo sorting, release, and bioactivity. We conclude that this cell-specific a-tubulin isotype dictates the hallmarks of CEM cilia specialization. These findings provide insight into mechanisms generating ciliary diversity and lay a foundation for further understanding the tubulin code.