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关键词： 组织构建   组织工程   放射性口干症   动物模型   颌下腺   直线加速器   广东省自然科学基金  

摘要： 背景:目前对于唾液腺的放射性损伤机制还未明确,治疗和防护措施也处于探索阶段。目的:建立放射性口干症大鼠模型,并观察18 Gy电子线照射后大鼠颌下腺组织损伤情况及唾液成分变化。方法:通过随机对照实验,将115只Wistar大鼠随机分成照射组和假照射组,假照射组只麻醉不照射,照射组麻醉后使用直线加速器一次性照射18 Gy。将大鼠颌下腺部位暴露于照射区,制备放射性口干症模型。记录造模后21 d内饮水量;分1,3,7,14,21,28,35,42 d 8个时间点收集唾液、摘取颌下腺腺体,测量唾液量、颌下腺指数,对颌下腺切片行苏木精-伊红染色观察组织形态学变化。结果与结论:(1)放射后1-21 d照射组大鼠每天平均饮水量为(6.42±1.91)m L,假照射组为(4.82±1.20)m L,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);(2)在放射后42 d内照射组唾液量均少于假照射组,其中照射组大鼠照射后第7天唾液量降至最低;7,21,28,42 d比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);(3)1 d及21-42 d,照射组颌下腺指数均小于假照射组(P<0.05);(4)苏木精-伊红病理结果显示,照射组大鼠颌下腺炎性浸润、腺体萎缩、核固缩等损伤情况呈渐进性加重,放射后42 d损伤最为严重;(5)综上,Wistar大鼠接受直线加速器电子线18 Gy照射后,放射性口干症模型成功建立,直观表现为饮水量增加,唾液量减少,病理切片显示颌下腺病理损伤程度在42 d内随时间的增加呈进行性加重。

关键词： Small mammal pollination   Specialist sunbird pollinators   Protea   Proteaceae   Graphiurus ocularis   Remote cameras  

摘要： This study investigated the role of vertebrates in the reproductive biology of a community of three co-occurring Protea species (Protea canaliculata, Protea sulphurea and Protea humiflora, Proteaceae) at Kraggashoek in the Western Cape, South Africa. Live-trapping, measures of facial and faecal pollen loads, and footage from remote cameras facing the inflorescences confirmed that all three are visited by small mammals and specialist nectarivorous birds. These plant species have bowl-shaped inflorescences that produce highly concentrated (34.1-42.9%) sucrose-rich nectar and a "yeasty" scent, typical traits of small-mammal pollinated plants. Camera footage indicated that 140 visits were made by eight small mammal species to an accumulative 19 inflorescences of the three Protea species. Small mammals thus made up 69% of total visits by all vertebrate species. Camera footage revealed that Micaelamys namaquensis visited flowers more frequently than any other vertebrate visitor (41% of total visitations by birds and mammals) but Elephantulus edwardii (10% of total visitations by birds and mammals) spent the longest time foraging on inflorescences (similar to 28 s per inflorescence). The 'trap shy' species, Graphiurus ocularis, was observed for the first time on camera, visiting Protea humiflora and Protea sulphurea inflorescences. Galerella pulverulenta (Cape gray mongoose) also visited inflorescences of P. canaliculata. The remaining 31% of total vertebrate visits, primarily to Protea humiflora, were by three species of specialist nectarivorous birds (the Cape sugarbird Promerops cafer, and the shorter-billed sunbirds, Anthobaphes violacea and Cinnyris chalybeus). Breeding system experiments with Protea sulphurea revealed that pollinators are needed for seed set, although exclusion of vertebrate pollinators only marginally lowered seed set of this partially self-incompatible species. These three Protea species had asynchronous flowering periods, supporting a wide range a

关键词： 农学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787030538376

摘要： 本教材包括3部分内容，即细菌学、真菌学和病毒学，共33章。每个部分均包括总论和各论。总论主要介绍了微生物学的基本理论，各论主要介绍了与动物养殖相关重要病原微生物的生物学特性、致病性、检测技术和防治措施等。

关键词： Kinome   Gene curation   Nematodes   Kinase signalling   Host-parasite interactions  

摘要： Roundworms belong to a diverse phylum (Nematoda) which is comprised of many parasitic species including whipworms (genus Trichuris). These worms have adapted to a biological niche within the host and exhibit unique morphological characteristics compared with other nematodes. Although these adaptations are known, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. The availability of genomes and transcriptomes of some whipworms now enables detailed studies of their molecular biology. Here, we defined and curated the full complement of an important class of enzymes, the protein kinases (kinomes) of two species of Trichuris, using an advanced and integrated bioinformatic pipeline. We investigated the transcription of Trichuris suis kinase genes across developmental stages, sexes and tissues, and reveal that selectively transcribed genes can be linked to central roles in developmental and reproductive processes. We also classified and functionally annotated the curated kinomes by integrating evidence from structural modelling and pathway analyses, and compared them with other curated kinomes of phylogenetically diverse nematode species. Our findings suggest unique adaptations in signalling processes governing worm morphology and biology, and provide an important resource that should facilitate experimental investigations of kinases and the biology of signalling pathways in nematodes. (C) 2017 Australian Society for Parasitology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 动物生物学   理论课   教学内容   教学方法  

摘要： 动物生物学是生物学领域相关专业的一门基础课程,对学生后续课程学习具有重要意义。笔者在从事动物生物学理论课、实验课、野外实习教学与指导工作和长期的教学实践过程中,对教学内容、教学方法等进行了初步探索。教学内容主题要稳定,也要注重内容的更新,教学方法要不拘传统,多管齐下,考核方式要以笔试为主,并兼顾平时,这些探索取得了良好效果。

关键词： piRNA   Piwi蛋白   表观遗传调控   雌性动物  

摘要： piRNA是继siRNA和miRNA之后发现的一类新型非编码小RNA,其与Piwi蛋白协同作用参与piRNA通路,保护动物生殖细胞的遗传信息免受分子寄生虫如转座子的有害影响。近年来,人们对piRNA发生过程的相关蛋白及生物学作用做了研究,发现多种Piwi亚家族蛋白能与piRNA结合形成Piwi-piRNA复合体,通过表观遗传调控参与生殖细胞形成与发育、生殖干细胞分化、性别决定等生物学功能。本文主要围绕piRNA的形成及特点、Piwi-piRNA复合体发挥生物学作用的方式、piRNA在雌性动物中的生物学功能这3个方面对近期的研究进展进行综述,为深入探究piRNA调控雌性动物繁殖机制提供参考。

关键词： 中华大典   古代典籍   生物学   动物   中国   《阿长与〈山海经〉》   大观园   云南教育出版社  

摘要： 《中华大典·生物学典·动物分典》（4册）,王祖望主编,云南教育出版社,2015 在接触《中华大典·生物学典·动物分典》之前,对中国古代典籍中记载的动物,我们首先会想到《诗经》中＂关关＂叫的雎鸠和＂食我黍＂的硕鼠,《山海经》里衔石填海的悲情精卫和那些＂人面的兽,九头的蛇,三脚的鸟,生着翅膀的人,没有头而以两乳当作眼睛的怪物”（鲁迅《阿长与〈山海经〉》）特别是《庄子》里那大得“不知其几千里”的鲲、“其翼若垂天之云”的鹏、“抢榆枋时则不至”的蜩与学鸠、“翱翔蓬蒿之间”的斥鶏、“不知晦朔”的朝菌和“不知春秋”的蟪蛄,等等.

关键词： Mammalia   synthetic biology   Protein Engineering   Precision Medicine   synthetic proteins  

摘要： The recent expansion of molecular tool kits has propelled synthetic biology toward the design of increasingly sophisticated mammalian systems. Specifically, advances in genome editing, protein engineering, and circuitry design have enabled the programming of cells for diverse applications, including regenerative medicine and cancer immunotherapy. The ease with which molecular and cellular interactions can be harnessed promises to yield novel approaches to elucidate genetic interactions, program cellular functions, and design therapeutic interventions. Here, we review recent advancements in the development of enabling technologies and the practical applications of mammalian synthetic biology.

摘要： Various aspects of sociality, including mate choice, are dependent on social information. Mate choice is a social cognitive process that encompasses mechanisms for acquiring, processing, retaining and acting on social information. Social cognition includes the acquisition of social information about others (i.e., social recognition) and social information from others (i.e., social learning). Social cognition involves both assessing other individuals and their condition (e.g., health, infection status) and deciding about when and how to interact with them, thus, providing a frame-work for examining mate choice and its associated neurobiological mechanisms. In vertebrates, and in particular rodents, odors are an essential source of direct and indirect social information not only from others but also for others. Here, we briefly consider the relations between social cognition and olfactory-mediated mate choice in rodents. We briefly discuss aspects of: (1) social recognition of potential mates and the impact of infection threat on mate choice;(2) social learning and the utilization of the mate choices of others ("mate-choice copying") including in the context of infection;and (3) the neurobiological mechanisms, with particular focus on particular the roles of the nonapeptide, oxytocin and the steroid hormones, estrogens, associated with social cognition and mate choice.