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关键词： 高中生物学   单克隆抗体   素养   细胞融合   同课异构   动物   课程标准   生命观念  

摘要： 《普通高中生物学课程标准（2017年版）》提出了生物学学科核心素养。生物学学科核心素养主要包括生命观念、科学探究、科学思维和社会责任四个方面，是学生在面对真实情境中的生物学问题时所表现出来的必备品格和关键能力。核心素养所包含的四个关键词是相互融合、相辅相成的，能够更好地涵盖生物学科本身的特点。

关键词： 水生动物病原生物学   执业渔医资格考试   实践教学改革  

摘要： 结合执业渔医资格考试制度,分析了现行水生病原生物学实践教学体系中存在的问题,主要是教学时间紧、任务重,实验室仪器设备陈旧落后,实验室开放和利用程度不够,缺乏双语实践教学,教学方式落后,考评体系不完善等。探讨了水生病原生物学实践教学改革问题,主张优化实验教学内容,改善实验条件,全面开放实验室,实施双语实验教学,制作新颖实用的实验教学课件,丰富病原标本,加强实验研究性学习,以及完善考核评价体系。

关键词： 黄河兰州段   大型底栖无脊椎动物   群落结构监测   生物学评价  

摘要： 2014年度黄河兰州段扶河桥、湟水桥、新城桥、中山桥、包兰桥、什川桥六个断面共采集大型底栖无脊椎动物2937尾,隶属六纲、五目,涉及种类至少28种,其中甲壳动物1种,水生昆虫至少6属(种),环节动物至少17属(种),软体动物2属(种),腔肠动物1属(种),其他种类至少1属(种)。利用Goodnight-whitley指数、Goodnight修正指数和生物学污染指数(BPI),对2014年度春季和秋季黄河兰州段6个断面的水质进行了生物学评价,综合而言,扶河桥左侧、新城桥右侧、中山桥右侧、什川桥左侧为轻-中污染,扶河桥右侧、湟水桥左侧两侧、中山桥左侧、什川桥右侧为中度污染,新城桥左侧、包兰桥左右两侧为轻污染。

关键词： 有机硒   营养需要量   生物学功能   反刍动物  

摘要： 硒是畜禽生长发育所必需的微量元素之一,过量或缺乏都会对畜禽产生不利影响,而有机硒具有低毒、环境污染小、抗氧化能力强、免疫力高等优点,是目前发现的物美价廉的硒补充剂。本文将对有机硒的营养需要量、生物学功能和反刍动物中的应用三个方面作一综述。

关键词： 动物生物学   竞赛试题   奥林匹克   B-2   国际   生物系统学   细胞生物学   动物行为学  

摘要： 理论考试B共3h。1～11题：动物生物学；12～14题：生物系统学；15~23题：细胞生物学；24～29题：生态学；30～31题：动物行为学；32～41题：遗传与进化生物学；42-49题：植物生物学。

关键词： data management   data pipeline   exploratory data analysis   open science   reproducible research  

摘要： Changes in technology have made it possible to gather vast amounts of data, often of high quality, that in turn can improve the quality of wildlife biology. However, with this growth in data, practices such as data management, exploratory data analysis, data-sharing, and reproducibility of an analysis have become increasingly complex. These practices often depend heavily on computer scripting languages, and are often hidden from the peer-review process despite their influence on the final results. Although these issues have been discussed in the literature, they are generally dealt with in a piecemeal fashion, preventing synthesis, and thereby slowing progress. We offer a conceptual framework to illustrate relationships among these practices, and show where wildlife biology as a field has embraced these changes, where awareness is growing, and where it lags behind other fields. We then present several case studies to emphasize the importance of adopting these practices. Any of these case studies could have been conducted with little attention to these practices or employing scripting languages, but there are many disadvantages to this approach including increased chance of errors, inefficiency, and lack of reproducibility. We suggest that a change in the culture of how wildlife biology is conducted is required and that this change will be fostered by integrating these practices into wildlife biology education, implementation, and embracing the idea of open data and open computer code. (c) 2018 The Wildlife Society.

摘要： The successful completion of many behaviors relies on sensory feedback. This symposium brought together researchers using novel techniques to study how different stimuli are encoded, how and where multimodal feedback is integrated, and how feedback modulates motor output in diverse modes of locomotion (aerial, aquatic, and terrestrial) in a diverse range of taxa (insects, fish, tetrapods), and in robots. Similar to biological organisms, robots can be equipped with integrated sensors and can rely on sensory feedback to adjust the output signal of a controller. Engineers often look to biology for inspiration on how animals have evolved solutions to problems similar to those experienced in robotic movement. Similarly, biologists too must proactively engage with engineers to apply computer and robotic models to test hypotheses and answer questions on the capacity and roles of sensory feedback in generating effective movement. Through a diverse group of researchers, including both biologists and engineers, the symposium attempted to catalyze new interdisciplinary collaborations and identify future research directions for the development of bioinspired sensory control systems, as well as the use of robots to test hypotheses in neuromechanics.

关键词： development   epitoky   polychaeta   reproductive cycle   sexual maturation  

摘要： Alitta succinea is considered a cosmopolitan species in estuarine and coastal environments. It is also a model organism in marine chemical ecology and is used in ecotoxicological tests and molecular studies. We aimed to study the reproductive biology of the species in Lagoa de Marica of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. For this purpose, monthly samples were taken from May 2015 to May 2016. The 653 individuals collected (sex ratio 1 male:1.5 female) were measured (width of the 20th chaetiger), sexed, and classified into stages by three criteria: the presence of gametes in the coelom;hypertrophy of the eyes;and modifications of the parapodia. From each identified female, the diameters of 30 randomly chosen oocytes were measured. Sediment samples were taken separately to analyze total organic matter and grain size. Salinity and temperature of the water were measured insitu each month. Our results show that individuals of this species reproduce through epitoky, with four stages of epitoky identified in both males and females. Parapodial modifications were more pronounced in males, in which some features such as the serrated papillae in the dorsal and ventral cirrus were exclusive.

关键词： Agriculture   biodiversity   CTmax   ectotherm   fragmentation   global change   habitat loss   microclimate   phylogenetic signal   species traits  

摘要： Human activities often replace native forests with warmer, modified habitats that represent novel thermal environments for biodiversity. Reducing biodiversity loss hinges upon identifying which species are most sensitive to the environmental conditions that result from habitat modification. Drawing on case studies and a meta-analysis, we examined whether observed and modelled thermal traits, including heat tolerances, variation in body temperatures, and evaporative water loss, explained variation in sensitivity of ectotherms to habitat modification. Low heat tolerances of lizards and amphibians and high evaporative water loss of amphibians were associated with increased sensitivity to habitat modification, often explaining more variation than non-thermal traits. Heat tolerances alone explained 24-66% (mean=38%) of the variation in species responses, and these trends were largely consistent across geographic locations and spatial scales. As habitat modification alters local microclimates, the thermal biology of species will likely play a key role in the reassembly of terrestrial communities.

关键词： 底栖动物   Shannon-Wiene多样性指数   BPI指数   Wright指数  

摘要： 为分析底栖动物群落结构特征,2013年7月至2014年4月对太湖的较大入湖河流东苕溪下游9个样点的底栖动物群落进行四个季度的调查,采用生物学污染指数(BPI)和Wright指数进行底栖动物水质生物学评价,并分析水质生物学评价指数与营养盐之间的关系.结果表明,颤蚓科物种(霍甫水丝蚓和苏式尾鳃蚓)在各个季度占绝对优势(相对丰度>90%),Shannon-Wiene多样性指数为0.5~***和Wright指数评价发现,BPI指数更适于东苕溪下游水质生物学评价,且BPI指数显示该河段处于中度污染状态.回归分析显示,BPI和Wright指数仅与营养盐中的总氮呈显著正相关.说明东苕溪下游已受到了一定的人为活动干扰,控制氮排放可以对受损河流的管理和修复提供帮助.