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关键词： 大连近海   皱纹盘鲍   香螺   脉红螺   扁玉螺   生物学特征   资源现状  

摘要： 大连近海常见的大型海产经济类腹足动物主要有皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)、香螺(Neptunea cumingii)、脉红螺(Papana venosa)和扁玉螺(Glossaulax didyma)等。文中主要从其形态特征、生态习性、地理分布、繁殖生物学、资源现状和经济价值等方面对其进行了综述。

关键词： 动物生物学   竞赛试题   奥林匹克   国际   生物系统学   细胞生物学   动物行为学   进化生物学  

摘要： 理论考试B共3 h。 1~11题：动物生物学;12~14题：生物系统学;15~23题：细胞生物学;24~29题：生态学;30~31题：动物行为学;32~41题：遗传与进化生物学;42~49题：植物生物学。每个正确答案得1分。例如：一个问题中所有4个空都回答正确，得1分；只有3个空是正确的，则得到0．6分；只有2个空是正确的，则得到0．2分；只有1个空是正确的，则得到0分。

关键词： animal observations   conservation   education   participatory research   stakeholder involvement   technical applications  

摘要： Citizen science (CS) has evolved over the past decades as a working method involving interested citizens in scientific research, for example by reporting observations, taking measurements or analysing data. In the past, research on animal behaviour has been benefitting from contributions of citizen scientists mainly in the field of ornithology but the full potential of CS in ecological and behavioural sciences is surely still untapped. Here, we present case studies that successfully applied CS to research projects in wildlife biology and discuss potentials and challenges experienced. Our case studies cover a broad range of opportunities: large-scale CS projects with interactive online tools on bird song dialects, engagement of stakeholders as citizen scientists to reduce human-wildlife conflicts, involvement of students of primary and secondary schools in CS projects as well as collaboration with the media leading to successful recruitment of citizen scientists. Each case study provides a short overview of the scientific questions and how they were approached to showcase the potentials and challenges of CS in wildlife biology. Based on the experience of the case studies, we highlight how CS may support research in wildlife biology and emphasise the value of fostering communication in CS to improve recruitment of participants and to facilitate learning and mutual trust among different groups of interest (e.g., researchers, stakeholders, students). We further show how specific training for the participants may be needed to obtain reliable data. We consider CS as a suitable tool to enhance research in wildlife biology through the application of open science procedures (i.e., open access to articles and the data on publicly available repositories) to support transparency and sharing experiences.

关键词： Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs)   neurodevelopment   autism   obesity   puberty   fertility   thyroid function   epigenetics   carcinogenesis   growth  

摘要： Wildlife has often presented and suggested the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Animal studies have given us an important opportunity to understand the mechanisms of action of many chemicals on the endocrine system and on neurodevelopment and behaviour, and to evaluate the effects of doses, time and duration of exposure. Although results are sometimes conflicting because of confounding factors, epidemiological studies in humans suggest effects of EDCs on prenatal growth, thyroid function, glucose metabolism and obesity, puberty, fertility, and on carcinogenesis mainly through epigenetic mechanisms. This manuscript reviews the reports of a multidisciplinary national meeting on this topic.

关键词： 实践教学改革   创新能力   动物生物学  

摘要： 针对动物生物学实践教学课时少的问题,将部分耗时较长、操作方便的实践教学项目有机地结合起来,引领学生分工合作,利用课余时间完成。按照学生分组、组长培训、文献查阅、实验设计、项目实施、总结报告等流程严格控制学生学习状态,进行以提高学生科研素质为核心的量化考核指标,有效夯实学生理论知识基础,提升其科研水平和创新能力。

关键词： 丁酸梭菌   微生态制剂   生物学功能   动物生产   应用  

摘要： 丁酸梭菌作为一种新型微生态制剂,具有耐热、耐酸、耐受多种抗生素等特点。在畜禽生产中添加丁酸梭菌制剂,不仅可促进动物生长,调节肠道菌群微生态平衡,对宿主产生多种益生作用,还可减少饲料中抗生素产品的使用,进而减少药物在肉品中的残留。使用丁酸梭菌可以降低细菌的耐药性,从而保障动物机体健康。本文主要就丁酸梭菌的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用进行综述,旨在为丁酸梭菌在动物健康养殖与安全生产中的应用提供参考。

关键词： 水生动物病原微生物学实验   科赫法则   综合性实验   实验改革  

摘要： 为了提升水生动物医学专业实验课的质量,在《水生动物病原微生物学实验》中进行改革探索,设计了"嗜水气单胞菌人工感染异育银鲫及病原菌的分离、鉴定综合性大实验"的案例,巩固了学生对"科赫法则"的理解和运用。该实验项目极大地提高了学生的动手能力和实验兴趣,取得了良好的教学效果。

关键词： oscillations   Hesl   delayed negative feedback   single cell   synthetic promoter  

摘要： The Notch effector gene Hesl is an ultradian clock exhibiting cyclic gene expression in several progenitor cells, with a period of a few hours. Because of the complexity of studying Hesl in the endogenous setting, and the difficulty of imaging these fast oscillations in vivo, the mechanism driving oscillations has never been proven. Here, we applied a "build it to understand it" synthetic biology approach to construct simplified "hybrid" versions of the Hesl ultradian oscillator combining synthetic and natural parts. We successfully constructed a simplified synthetic version of the Hes1 promoter matching the endogenous regulation logic. By mathematical modeling and single-cell real-time imaging, we were able to demonstrate that Hesl is indeed able to generate stable oscillations by a delayed negative feedback loop. Moreover, we proved that introns in Hesl contribute to the transcriptional delay but may not be strictly necessary for oscillations to occur. We also developed a novel reporter of endogenous Hesl oscillations able to amplify the bioluminescence signal 5-fold. Our results have implications also for other ultradian oscillators.

关键词： 动物生物学   竞赛试题   奥林匹克   国际   生物系统学   细胞生物学   动物行为学   进化生物学  

摘要： 理论考试B共3h。 1～11题：动物生物学；12-14题：生物系统学；15～23题：细胞生物学；24-29题：生态学；30-31题：动物行为学；32-41题：遗传与进化生物学；42-49题：植物生物学。

关键词： 动物生物学   课堂教学改革   教学模式   能力提高  

摘要： 做好动物生物学的课堂教学,对于大学生拓展知识、建立良好学习方法和培养创新性思维方式等都具有重要意义。本团队在教学过程中进行了三方面改革:一是科教结合,将与各章节相关的最新科学研究进展和成果等引入课堂;二是采用中英文双语教学形式;三是开展课程内讲座。多年来的实践证明,以上改革措施不仅能够提升学生对动物生物学的学习兴趣,而且显著增强了他们的学习能力,为其后续专业基础课及专业课的学习奠定了良好基础。