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关键词： 畜牧兽医专业   动物微生物学   课程实训   改革研究   实践  

摘要： 《动物微生物》是畜牧兽医及相关专业的一门核心专业基础课,该课程涉及很多实验操作,这些实验在疾病预防控制及诊断治疗中起到非常关键的作用,是一门实用性很强的课程。为适应高职教育发展趋势培养行业一线高素质、高技能人才,笔者依据当地行业岗位需求、延安职业技术学院学生状况及高职院校人才培养目标对该课程在实验操作安全、实训内容、教学方法及考核方式等方面进了改革并在畜牧兽医班16级、17级学生中实施,大大提高了学生学习兴趣、动手能力及综合素质,效果显著。

关键词： 动物微生物学   教学内容   “产、学、研”结合  

摘要： 本文通过剖析传统微生物学实验课程存在的问题,提出结合专业特色,进行'产、学、研'人才培养模式,旨在对微生物课程教学体系进行改革,增强该课程的教学效率。

关键词： 密云水库   底栖动物   群落结构   环境因子   水质生物评价  

摘要： 为探究北京密云水库大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子和水质的关系,根据水库形状和水位季节变化规律,在潮河库区（1~3号）、库中区（4~5号）以及白河库区（6~8号）共设置8个采样点,于2015年4月（春季）、8月（夏季）、10月（秋季）下旬进行采样,冬季由于水库结冰采样困难而未采集底栖动物样本。结果显示,密云水库共检出大型底栖动物15种,隶属2门2纲2科10属,其中环节动物门颤蚓科4种,节肢动物门摇蚊科幼虫11种,优势种为正颤蚓（Tubifex tubifex）和红裸须摇蚊（Propsilocerus akamusi）。不同采样点的种类数为2~11种,年均密度和年均生物量分别为1864个/m2和3.10g/m2,显示密云水库为中营养型水库。底栖动物年均密度：白河库区〉潮河库区〉库中区,年均生物量：白河库区〉潮河库区及库中区。在库西、白河电站等深水区,颤蚓类密度和生物量占比较高;而浅水区摇蚊幼虫密度和生物量占比较高。底栖动物总密度：夏季〉春季〉秋季;总生物量：春季〉夏季≈秋季。水库中颤蚓类的密度和生物量与水深、沉积物中总有机碳及总氮含量呈显著线性或幂函数正相关,与沉积物中总磷含量相关不显著;摇蚊幼虫的密度和生物量与上述4个环境变量均无显著相关性。底栖动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Goodnight修正指数和Pielou均匀度指数在浅水区高于深水区。Pielou均匀度指数和Wright指数评价表明,密云水库水质为轻污染,与水化评价结果比较一致,可作为水质生物学评价的重要参考。

关键词： retina   liposomes   neuropathy   neuroprotection   ganglion   transplant  

摘要： A common event in optic neuropathies is the loss of axons and death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) resulting in irreversible blindness. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway agonists have been shown to foster axon regeneration and RGC survival in animal models of optic nerve damage. However, many challenges remain in developing therapies that exploit cell growth and tissue remodeling including (i) activating/inhibiting cell pathways synergistically, (ii) avoiding tumorigenesis, and (iii) ensuring appropriate physiological tissue function. These challenges are further exacerbated by the need to overcome ocular physiological barriers and clearance mechanisms. Here we present liposomes loaded with multiple mTOR pathway stimulating biologics designed to enhance neuroprotection after retina damage. Liposomes were loaded with ciliary neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, a lipopeptide N-fragment osteopontin mimic, and lipopeptide phosphatase tension homologue inhibitors for either the ATP domain or the c-terminal tail. In a mouse model of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid induced RGC death, a single intravitreal administration of liposomes reduced both RGC death and loss of retina electrophysiological function. Furthermore, combining liposomes with transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cell derived RGCs led to an improved electrophysiological outcome in mice. The results presented here show that liposomes carrying multiple signaling pathway modulators can facilitate neuroprotection and transplant electrophysiological outcome.

摘要： In an era of global change, thermal biology and ecology are becoming increasingly popular topics in invertebrate research, including molluscs. However, this area of research is still very limited, essentially due to the intrinsic spatial limitations of traditional single-point temperature measurements (e.g. thermocouples, iButtons and infrared thermometers). This is not the case, however, with infrared thermography, which has the desirable attribute of producing images that allow for simultaneous measurements of multiple molluscan individuals, species and communities. Infrared thermography allows for spatial and temporal monitoring of microclimates at scales relevant to individual organisms and hence may represent a first step to bridge the gap between field-based approaches (typically spanning from centimetres to tens of metres) to climatic scenarios (typically coarse-grained, i.e. 10 x 10 km). This review first provides a brief history of infrared thermography, followed by a description of the fundamental physical properties and quantities that bridge the gap between the physics of heat transfer and the physics of infrared thermography. We then thoroughly review the thermal biology and ecology of molluscs, and the previous biological and ecological applications of infrared thermography-including the very few in molluscan research. We provide detailed recommendations related to the proper use of infrared thermography. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of infrared thermography in molluscan research, based on case studies involving both terrestrial and intertidal molluscs, with emphasis on its use as a tool for monitoring impacts of climate change.

关键词： Ion channels   Ligands   Peptide toxins   Neurotoxins   Radioligand assay   Fluorescent dyes   Fluorescent toxins   Venoms  

摘要： Animal toxins are traditional and indispensible molecular tools that find application in different fields of biochemistry, neurobiology and pharmacology. These compounds possess several outstanding properties such as high affinity and selectivity with respect to particular molecular targets, most importantly ion channels and neuroreceptors, and stability. In addition to using toxins per se, a wide variety of labelled modifications have been obtained including radioactive and fluorescent derivatives. Here, we discuss the major types of labelled toxins, methods of their production and principal possibilities of application ranging from receptor localization and visualization to development of screening systems and diagnostic tools, and drug discovery.

关键词： PBL教育模式   高校动物生物学实验教学   问卷调查  

摘要： 动物生物学在高校的生物学科当中占据着重要的位置,而动物生物学的实验教学在高等教育中具有极其重要的意义,其能使学生更好地将理论与实践充分结合在一起,以此培养他们在创新与实践方面的能力。文章通过采取分组测试法,针对同一个班级的学生在实施PBL教育模式之前和之后进行了比对,从中可以看出,采用PBL教育模式可以在很大程度上提高学生的学习效率,并增强他们的凝聚力。

关键词： 水生动物病原微生物学   思政案例   汤飞凡   沙眼衣原体  

摘要： 为了有效发挥课堂育人主渠道作用,提升水产类高校学生的医学背景知识及人文素养,设计了水生动物病原微生物学的原核微生物的形态、构造和功能部分中"汤飞凡和沙眼衣原体"的思政案例,让学生充分认识我国邮票上唯一的微生物学家——汤飞凡发现沙眼衣原体对世界医学的重大贡献。该案例的实施,充分激发了学生的课程学习兴趣,增加了民族自豪感和自信心,取得了良好的教学效果。

关键词： 动物生物学   竞赛试题   奥林匹克   国际   生物系统学   细胞生物学   动物行为学   进化生物学  

摘要： 理论考试B共3h。1-11题：动物生物学；12~14题：生物系统学；15~23题：细胞生物学；24~29题：生态学；30—31题：动物行为学；32~41题：遗传与进化生物学；42～49题：植物生物学。

关键词： 大型底栖动物   梯级水坝   水质生物学评价   澜沧江  

摘要： 梯级水电开发虽然可以最大程度地利用河流的水能资源,但同时也是对河流生态系统的大规模扰动.大型底栖动物被认为是开展梯级水坝水生态系统变化和演替研究的指示生物类群.本文选取澜沧江中下游水电基地为研究区,于2016年开展漫湾和大朝山梯级水坝库区大型底栖动物群落采样调查,分析梯级库区大型底栖动物的群落结构和分布格局,基于生物指数(BI)开展水质生物学评价.结果表明:大型底栖动物物种组成以寡毛纲、软体动物门及昆虫纲的摇蚊类为主,优势种则以软体动物门的河蚬占绝对优势;群落密度和生物量分布格局表现为静水区显著高于过渡区;静水区功能摄食群密度组成以收集者(GC)和滤食者(FC)占优势,生物量组成则以滤食者(FC)占优势;ABC曲线和生物指数分析表明,上游漫湾库区群落稳定性及水质优于下游大朝山库区,反映了梯级水坝沿着河流纵向梯度水环境逐渐变差的趋势,澜沧江梯级水坝库区大型底栖动物群落结构、分布格局和库区水质状况受梯级水坝运行影响表现为明显的累积效应和富营养化效应.