教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： 乳杆菌   生物学功能   免疫   抗氧化  

摘要： 乳杆菌在维持畜禽肠道健康、促生长和改善肉品质等方面具有重要作用。本文从肠道微生态、机体免疫、抗氧化及脂代谢等方面综述了乳杆菌在动物生产中的应用效果及相关机制。

关键词： antitumor agents   bioengineering   cell-based therapy   cell-to-cell communication   synthetic biology  

摘要： Cell-to-cell communication plays a key role in the regulation of many natural biological processes. Recent advances in mammalian synthetic biology are making it possible to rationally engineer cell-to-cell communication for therapeutic and other purposes. Here, we review state-of-the-art engineering principles to control cell-to-cell communication, focusing on communication between mammalian cells with diffusible factors (e.g., small molecules or exosomes) or direct cell contact, and on interkingdom communication between mammalian cells and bacteria. Potential applications include construction of artificial tissues able to perform complex computations, sophisticated cell-based cancer therapies, use of mammalian cells as a new class of cargo delivery modality, development of design principles to control pattern formation of cell populations, and treatment of infectious diseases. We also discuss the challenges facing practical applications, and possible enabling technologies to overcome them.

关键词： 德氏乳杆菌   生物学功能   免疫   抗氧化  

摘要： 德氏乳杆菌在维持畜禽肠道健康、促生长和改善肉品质等方面具有重要作用。本文从肠道微生态、机体免疫、抗氧化及脂代谢等方面综述了德氏乳杆菌在动物生产中的应用效果及相关机制。

关键词： 系统发育基因组学   生物多样性基因组学   进化系统生物学   反刍动物  

摘要： 自达尔文以来,宏观进化和微观进化研究之间一直存在着鸿沟(gap). 20世纪初现代遗传学兴起后,进化研究更多是微观领域的研究,但往往难以解析多姿多彩生物性状进化的遗传基础.比如,反刍动物不仅在科学上有着极为重要的特征性状(如多室胃和角),而且是人类农业文明家畜物种的最重要来源类群,但其进化的遗传基础一直是个谜团.为解决这类问题,我们提出了进化系统生物学(evolutionary genotype-phenotype systems biology,eGPS),旨在利用多层次组学数据,大尺度跨物种阐释动物复杂性状的遗传基础和成因.本文简要介绍了进化生物学的最新进展,并系统综述了有待阐明其遗传进化基础的反刍动物的性状特征,指出eGPS研究有望系统解决这些重要性状特征的进化遗传基础.

关键词： feeding preference   gut evacuation   gut fullness   live food   Predation  

摘要： This study aimed to investigate the feeding behaviour (particularly gut fullness and evacuation, preying on rotifers and feeding preference in the water column) of the calanoid copepod, Pseudodiaptomus hessei, as a potential live feed species for aquaculture. Fed and starved, male and female P. hessei were fed rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) in the presence and absence of microalgae for 24 hr. Starved copepods consumed more rotifers (11.31 +/- 1.01, individual rotifers) than fed (8.06 +/- 1.01, individual rotifers) while the number of rotifers consumed in the presence of microalgae was similar when fed or starved. Gut fullness and evacuation was determined by feeding copepods two different cell size microalgae species (Tetraselmis suecica and Isochrysis galbana). Gut fullness and evacuation percentage were observed under the dissecting microscope (as 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). Copepods fed on T. suecica (large cell) filled their guts more rapidly, while those fed on I. galbana (small cell) evacuated their guts faster. Feeding preference was determined using a multifactorial experiment where copepods were fed two microalgae species, T. suecica and I. galbana, each presented as benthic and planktonic food sources. P. hessei preferred to feed on planktonic microalgae first regardless of microalgae choice species for +/- 80 min, before shifting to benthic food source. This information can be used as baseline information for aquaculturists to rear the species as live feed for marine fish larvae.

关键词： 微生态制剂   生物学功能   作用机制   测序   动物生产  

摘要： 近年来,在畜牧业养殖规模化、集约化不断加快的背景下,抗生素常被用来防治动物疾病,提高动物的生长速度。但抗生素在畜牧业中频繁使用造成了抗生素在环境中及畜产品中残留等问题,危害了畜牧业的健康可持续发展。因此,随着全球范围内禁止使用抗生素生长促进剂(AGPS)的呼声日益高涨,加快畜禽的生长速度、保护其免受病原体感染、提高饲料利用率及畜产品的质量等生产问题不容忽视,导致对寻求替抗的生物制品迫在眉睫,而饲用微生态制剂由于具有绿色、无污染的特点,在促进动物生长、肠道健康等方面的应用取得了前所未有的发展,在操纵宿主的健康轨迹(包括和超越免疫成分)中起着很大的作用,且具有促进营养物质吸收、调节肠道菌群结构及提高畜禽机体免疫力等生物学功能而备受关注。文章从饲用微生态制剂的种类、作用机制及在动物生产中应用研究进行综述。

关键词： 动物医学专业   分子生物学实验   教学改革  

摘要： 在动物医学专业分子生物实验教学中,教师就需要提高学生对于分子生物学的兴趣,通过实验教学,提高他们的动手操作能力,本文就结合当前的分子实验教学现状,探究如何有效地进行教学改革,进一步提高教学的质量,帮助学生更好地理解理论知识,提高学生独立解决问题的能力。

关键词： blood-feeding   haem auxotrophy   iron   metazoan parasites   nematodes   ticks  

摘要： Traditionally, host haem has been recognized as a cytotoxic molecule that parasites need to eliminate or detoxify in order to survive. However, recent evidence indicates that some lineages of parasites have lost genes that encode enzymes involved specifically in endogenous haem biosynthesis. Such lineages thus need to acquire and utilize haem originating from their host animal, making it an indispensable molecule for their survival and reproduction. In multicellular parasites, host haem needs to be systemically distributed throughout their bodies to meet the haem demands in all cell and tissue types. Host haem also gets deposited in parasite eggs, enabling embryogenesis and reproduction. Clearly, a better understanding of haem biology in multicellular parasites should elucidate organismal adaptations to obligatory blood-feeding.

关键词： 番茄红素   生理功能   免疫   机制   应用  

摘要： 番茄红素是一种黄/红色不含氧的类胡萝卜素,作为纯天然的饲料添加剂,具有抗氧化、提高免疫力、改善脂质代谢和繁殖能力等作用。本文综述了番茄红素的理化特性、生理功能及其在动物生产中的应用现状,以期为番茄红素开发利用和动物的健康养殖提供参考。

关键词： GLP   SD大鼠   指标  

摘要： 目的建立中药安全评价中心(GLP)屏障环境动物实验室的正常SD大鼠在长期毒性试验中的生物学指标,为以后研究人员提供参考指标。方法收集长期毒性试验的10批次正常对照组SD大鼠,正常饲养,每周测定一次体质量增长及摄食量,在第3、6个月及恢复期结束时各测定一次脏器指数、血液和生化指标。结果雄性SD大鼠的摄食量较高,体质量呈线性增长趋势,高于雌性,雄性大鼠的脏器指数有所下降,表明雄性大鼠生长发育、饲料利用率比雌性大鼠快,血液和生化指标无明显变化。结论这些正常数据指标可为以后GLP屏障环境动物实验室的大鼠试验提供参考指标。